The Crisis Deepens

1. The Crisis Deepens Chapter 16 section 3 Pg.468 Setting the Scene

2. The Crisis Deepens Chapter 16 section 3 Pg.468 Setting the Scene

3. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.468

4. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.468 Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois

5. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Election of 1852 Pg.468 Lewis Cass James Buchanan William Marcy Stephen Douglas All tried to get the nomination for the DEMOCRATS Whigs Democrats vs. Franklin Pierce Winfield Scott

6. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Election of 1852 Pg.468 Franklin Pierce Winfield Scott

7. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Support for the Act Pg.469

8. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Support for the Act Pg.469 Franklin Pierce won the election of 1852 and became the 14th President of the United States. With President Pierce’s support, the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed through Congress.

9. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.469

10. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Northern Outrage Pg.469

11. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens Kansas-Nebraska Act Northern Outrage Pg.468 KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Northerners felt that the issue of slavery in this territory (the Louisiana Purchase Territory) was already decided by the Missouri Compromise and it was decided that these lands would be free from slavery. Repealed or overrode the Missouri Compromise of 1820 To protest the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, anti-slavery northerners openly challenged the Fugitive Slave Act. Missouri Compromise of 1820

12. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Turns Violent Pg.469-470

13. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Turns Violent Pg.469-470 I hope that now settlers can peacefully decide on the issue of slavery. Stephen Douglas - sponsor and supporter of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Both groups, anti-slavery northerners and pro-slavery southerners began to move into the Kansas Territory hoping that it would become either free or slave when it joined the Union.

14. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Turns Violent Pg.469-470 “Border Ruffians” Pro-slavery “gangs” rode into Kansas from across the border of nearby Missouri to harass, pick fights with, and hopefully scare anti-slavery families out of Kansas.

15. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act The Crisis Turns Violent Two Governments Pg.470

16. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act The Crisis Turns Violent Two Governments Pg.470 Two Governments in Kansas Kansas held an election in 1855 to set up a government for the territory so it could become a state. During the election, hundreds of “Border Ruffians” from Missouri came to Kansas and voted illegally in the election allowing a pro-slavery government to be elected. The pro-slavery government passed two laws right away: One saying people could be put to death for helping slaves escape and a second making speaking out against slavery a crime.

17. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.470 The Crisis Turns Violent Two Governments in Kansas Anti-slavery settlers who claimed the election was corrupt refused to accept the laws and elected their own government. The two opposing governments both claimed to be in charge of Kansas. This led to violence.

18. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.470 The Crisis Turns Violent

19. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.470 The Crisis Turns Violent “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown, his 4 sons, and two other men rode to the town of Pottawatomie Creek and took revenge against pro-slavery settlers by dragging 5 of them from their beds while they were sleeping and murdering them.

20. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.470 The Crisis Turns Violent

21. Chapter 16 section 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Pg.470 The Crisis Turns Violent “Bleeding Kansas” The violence became even worse after the contested elections held in 1855. Again, pro-slavery ruffians were coming across the border. In 1856, they raided the town of Lawrence, Kansas and destroyed homes and smashed the printing-press of the a Free-Soil newspaper.

22. Chapter 16 section 3 Violence in the Senate Pg.470

23. Chapter 16 section 3 Violence in the Senate Pg.470

24. Chapter 16 section 3 Violence in the Senate Pg.470 Senator Charles Sumner (an abolistionist) spoke out against slavery and harshly criticized Senator Andrew Butler. A few days later, Andrew Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks, marched into the Senate and beat Sumner with a heavy cane.

25. Chapter 16 section 3 Violence in the Senate Pg.470 Further dividing the nation Northerners were outraged at the act and said that this was evidence that slavery led to violence in America. Southerners sent canes to Preston Brooks showing their support for what he did. Preston Brooks was forced to resign from the House of Representatives but was later re-elected to office before dying at age 37. Charles Sumner slowly recovered and returned to the Senate to serve for a total of 18 years.

26. Chapter 16 section 3 The Dred Scott Case Pg.471

27. Chapter 16 section 3 The Dred Scott Case Pg.471 • Dred Scott was a slave owned by Dr. John Emerson. • He was enslaved in Missouri for many years. • His owner moved to Illinois and took Dred Scott with him. (Illinois was a free state.) • His owner then took Dred Scott with him to the Wisconsin territory where slavery was also not allowed. • Before his death, Dred Scott’s owner took him back to Missouri (a slave state). Dred Scott

28. Chapter 16 section 3 The Dred Scott Case Pg.471 Dred Scott and his wife Harriet Scott • After Dr. Emerson’s death, Dred Scott and his wife Harriet with the help of anti-slavery lawyers filed a lawsuit claming that they were free because they had been taken into states where slavery was illegal.

29. Chapter 16 section 3 The Dred Scott Case Pg.471

30. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Dred Scott Case Pg.471 U.S. Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. Sanford * Sanford was the lawyer for Mrs. Emerson (Dr. Emerson’s wife) who felt she still owned the Scotts Chief Justice Roger B. Taney Dred Scott • The Supreme Court decided: • Dred Scott could not file a lawsuit because he was a slave, not a citizen and had no access to the courts. • Slaves were property and just like any other property, just taking it into a free state does not mean it is no longer your property. • Congress does not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory (since it’s not a power given in the Constitution).

31. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Dred Scott Case The Nation Reacts Pg.472

32. Chapter 16 section 3 The Crisis Deepens The Dred Scott Case The Nation Reacts Pg.472 Northerners were shocked and angry. They hoped that the decision would have more whites join the abolitionist movement. Southerners were happy since this is what they had been saying all along.

33. The Crisis Deepens The Dred Scott Case The Nation Reacts Chapter 16 section 3 Pg.472 This infamous decision maintains that slaves … are property in the same sense that horses, sheep, and swine are property …that [people] of African descent are not and cannot be citizens of the United States. All I ask of the American people is that they live up to the Constitution, adopt its principles, [take in] its spirit, and enforce its provisions. When this is done…liberty…will become the inheritance of all the inhabitants of this highly favored country. Fredrick Douglas Former Slave & Abolitionist