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The Enlightenment Movement: Intellectual Progress in 18th Century Europe

Discover the Age of Enlightenment, a period of intellectual exchange in 18th-century Europe marked by progress, political change, and philosophes like Voltaire, Locke, Diderot, Montesquieu, Spinoza, Rousseau, and Adam Smith. Learn about their ideas, works, and influence on society, including key concepts like reason, tolerance, and individual rights. Explore how the American Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment principles and thinkers, such as John Locke's Treatises on Government. Uncover the legacy of this transformative era and the quest for social and political transformation.

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The Enlightenment Movement: Intellectual Progress in 18th Century Europe

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  1. The Age of Enlightenment 1700-1789

  2. The Age of Enlightenment • A period of intellectual exchange in Europe during the 18th century • “Progress” • A desire for political and social change

  3. The Age of Enlightenment • What made the Enlightenment possible?

  4. The Philosophes • Intellectuals who discussed ideas • Used reason to explain their world • Believed that Reason could improve society • Believed in tolerance for all religions

  5. The Philosophes

  6. Voltaire (1694-1778) • French intellectual who criticized French society

  7. John Locke (1632-1704) • Treatises on Government • Essay on Human Understanding • “Tabula Rasa”

  8. John Locke (1632-1704)

  9. Denis Diderot (1713-1784) • Published the Encyclopedia in 1772 • Attempt to compile information on everything

  10. Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

  11. The Encyclopedia

  12. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) • French political philosopher • The Spirit of the Laws

  13. Baron de Montesquieu(1689-1755)

  14. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) • Jewish philosopher in Amsterdam • Belief in religious toleration

  15. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)

  16. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) • The Social Contract (1762) • The “General Will”

  17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

  18. Adam Smith (1723-1790) • First modern economist • The Wealth of Nations (1776) • Laissez-Faire

  19. Adam Smith (1723-1790)

  20. The Wealth of Nations

  21. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) • Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women • Founder of modern feminism

  22. Mary Wollstonecraft(1759-1797)

  23. The American Revolution • Was the American Revolution just a revolt against British taxation? • How was it based on Enlightenment principles? • In what ways is the Declaration of Independence based on John Locke’s Treatises on Government?

  24. Conclusion • The Enlightenment was a period of intellectual exchange in Europe during the 18th century • Several factors contributed to the Enlightenment • Philosophes expressed desire for social and political change

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