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Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte: 1799-1815

Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte: 1799-1815. Rise of Napoleon. True “child of the revolution” Shared philosophies of Enligtenment Lacked noble birth – highest rank he could achieve was Captain Revolution would allow a humble man to rise to higher ranks in the military.

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Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte: 1799-1815

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  1. Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte: 1799-1815

  2. Rise of Napoleon • True “child of the revolution” • Shared philosophies of Enligtenment • Lacked noble birth – highest rank he could achieve was Captain • Revolution would allow a humble man to rise to higher ranks in the military

  3. Hired by National Directory (Fr Rev Govt after Robespierre) Sent to Paris to crush any resistance to National Directory Saw how “out of control” the Rev was 1798: Sent to Egypt to collapse any British influence – disrupt British shipping lanes Rise to Power

  4. Emperor Napoleon? • 1799: Napoleon joins plot to overthrow the directory • The very govt he was hired to protect • 1801: Signs concordat with Pope – restores Catholicism to France • 1802: Made First consul for life • Becomes more powerful than Bourbons

  5. Napoleon Coronation ceremony

  6. Napoleon at war • 1805: Invades Austria • 1806: Prussia • 1807: Russia • 1808: Spain – expelled British forces assisting Spanish • Goal: Bring “equality and Declaration of Rgts of Man” to Europe

  7. Equality for all? (Francisco de Goya – May 3rd 1808)

  8. Issues with French colonies abroad • 1803: Sold “Louisiana Territory” to President Thomas Jefferson to finance war • Haiti: Tousaint L’Overature led a slave revolt against French rule

  9. Continental System • Napoleon did not have control of English channel • Turned to an economic system which “forbade trade” with Britain • Cost more to enforce than it did break Britain

  10. Domestic Reforms of Napoleon • 1804: Proclaimed self emperor for life • Science and Economic reforms: Uniform system of weights and measures • Est. metric system 1799 • New central banking system

  11. Napoleonic Code • Facilitated trade • Protected private property • Based on enlightenment theory • Married women not really equal to men

  12. Decline of Napoleon • 1807: Tsar Alexander makes peace alliance • 1810: Russia breaks Continental System • 1812: French troops deep into Russia • Russian Scorched Earth Policy traps Napoleon

  13. Battle of Waterloo 1815 • Napoleon loses most famous battle • Eventually exiled to inhospitable land with British jailors • Eventually died of Cancer • How will Europe respond to years of Revolution and War??

  14. Napoleon exiled to Elba • Napoleon abdicated for his son to be next ruler • French elite support Louis 18th (Louis 17th killed by Rev mob) • Napoleon escapes Elba – returns to power

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