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National Urban Transport Policy: a re-orientation in urban transport thinking in India

Shreekant Gupta sgupta@niua.org National Institute of Urban Affairs New Delhi, India www.niua.org. National Urban Transport Policy: a re-orientation in urban transport thinking in India. The context (regional view). Growing economy and population

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National Urban Transport Policy: a re-orientation in urban transport thinking in India

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  1. Shreekant Gupta sgupta@niua.org National Institute of Urban Affairs New Delhi, India www.niua.org National Urban Transport Policy:a re-orientation in urban transport thinking in India

  2. The context (regional view) • Growing economy and population • Urbanisation and its attendant challenges • Increasing dependence on personalised (motorised) modes of transport • Commonality of urban problems across major (South) Asian cities

  3. The context for India • World’s second largest urban system (285 million in 2001) • Urban population 473 million (2021) and 820 million (2051) • Population in 6 biggest cities increased 2 times (1981-2001) • Motor vehicles in these cities increased 8 times (1981-2001) • Attendant costs: • Time • Reduction in non-motorized modes (urban sprawl) • Safety (accidents, deaths), esp. for NMVs, pedestrians, pavement dwellers • Air quality

  4. Response • Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) – improve urban infrastructure and governance and facilities for urban poor • 63 cities (40% of urban population) • 7 years (2005-2012) • approx $24 billion (half from federal government) • National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) – blueprint for urban transport for the country • approved by Union Cabinet in April 2006 • focus- to move people- not vehicles • Indian cities should be the most livable in the world and “engines of economic growth”

  5. National Urban Transport Policy • Objective is to ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for growing number of city residents to jobs, education and other needs through): • Improved public transport • Facilities for use of non motorized vehicles • Greater involvement of private sector • Innovative financing mechanisms • Reduced travel demand- better integration of land use and transport planning. • Use of cleaner technology • Better awareness • Capacity building- individual and institutional

  6. Need for a national policy • India is a federal country—urban management and transport are functions of state and city governments not federal (central) government • But several key agencies are within purview of central government • Several laws dealing with urban transport administered by central government • Coordinate actions of state governments • National Urban Renewal Mission funds for urban transport to be guided by a national policy (NUTP) • Need for coordinated capacity building, research and information dissemination

  7. Integrating land use and planning • Promote the development of integrated land use and transport plans for all cities, esp. those under JNNURM • Support and fund (50%) city and state governments to prepare such plans • Need to integrate these plans into City Development Plans being prepared under JNNURM

  8. Putting people first... • Equitable allocation of road space (public vs. private modes of transport) • Priority to use of public transport (all million plus cities to plan for high capacity transport systems) • Federal support up to 20% of capital cost of public transport projects (up to 50% when public-private partnership)

  9. Priority to non-motorized modes • Arrest decline of non-motorized vehicle (NMV) trips (urban sprawl, bad design of roads, etc.) • Dedicated lanes/spaces for cyclists, pedestrians • Under JNNURM only fund NUTP-compliant and people friendly, NMV friendly projects

  10. Parking • Uses up land – a valuable and scarce urban resource • Parking fees to reflect opportunity cost of land • Preference to public transport and non-motorized modes

  11. Build capacity • Capabilities of state and city governments is limited/weak • Enhance institutional and individual capacity • Develop databases • Promote joint ventures and collaboration agreements

  12. Promote cleaner technologies • Timeline for progressively tighter emission norms • Promote R&D and commercialization of cleaner technologies

  13. Innovative financing mechanisms • Earmark tax revenues for urban transport (on fuel, betterment levies, etc.) • Use land as a resource • Involve private sector

  14. In conclusion • NUTP is a landmark policy in the field of urban transport • Created an enabling framework • Committed federal support and funds to this sector • State and city governments have to now rise to the challenge

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