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The Kurdish Conflict. Bleu Jackson, Sam Brooks, Tiara Hughes, Micheal Hanna. Kurdish Timeline. 7 th century- The Kurds conquered by the Arabs, centuries of living under the rule of others.
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The Kurdish Conflict Bleu Jackson, Sam Brooks, Tiara Hughes, Micheal Hanna
KurdishTimeline • 7th century- The Kurds conquered by the Arabs, centuries of living under the rule of others. • 1923- Turkey no longer obligated to grant Kurdish autonomy. The Treaty of Lausanne divides the Kurdish region among Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. • 1925- A Kurdish uprising against the new Turkish Republic is suppressed.
Timeline (cont.) • 1946- The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) founded by Iraqi Kurd Mustafa Barzani, dedicated to the creation of independent Kurdistan. • 1961- Kurds of northern Iraq revolt against the government of Abdul KarimKassim, continue fighting for decades. • 1970- Peace agreement signed between the Iraqi government and Kurds of northern Iraq, allowing the Kurds some control.
Timeline (cont.) • 1974- KDP attacks Iraqi troops after government refuses to give control of oil-rich province of Kirkuk, traditional Kurdish territory. • 1978- In Turkey, Abdullah Ocalan helps create Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK to seek Kurdish independence. • 1979- Iran’s Islamic revolution sparks Kurdish revolt in Iran that is quickly abolished by Iran.
Timeline (cont.) • 1984- Thousands of Kurds in southeast Turkey join revolt, nationalism and dissatisfaction with living conditions. • 1988- Iraq retaliates against Kurds for supporting Iran during Iran-Iraq war and through “al-Anfal” (“spoils of war”) campaign, slaughters thousands of civilians, takes 1.5 million from their homes. Thousands flee to Turkey.
Timeline (cont.) • 1991- Iraq’s Kurds rise up against Saddam Hussein, encouraged by the United States. Iraqi Kurds now control a 15,000-square-mile autonomous region in northern Iraq populated by 3 million Kurds. • 1991- Kurdish remains illegal in schools, political setting and broadcasts.
Timeline (cont.) • 1993- Turkish government grants limited autonomy to Kurds, Kurdish political parties continue to be banned. • 1998- PUK’s Talabani and the KDP’s Barzani sign peace agreement, ending four-year war between rival Iraqi-Kurd factions. • 1999- Abdulla Ocalan captured, convicted of treason and separatism, and sentenced to death. Immediately spurs rash of bombings, other terrorist attacks both in Turkey and abroad.
Timeline (cont.) • 2002- Iraqi Kurdish regional parliament meets for first time in six years, real sign of unity between Iraqi-Kurdish factions since four-year (1994-1998) war. • 2003- Kurds join U.S. and British forces in defeating Saddam Hussein’s regime.
Location • The Kurd’s struggle for a homeland has been in the recent news. • Originally were pastoralists, nomads living in the mountains of modern-day Kurdistan. • Kurds at one point were Karduchi, an ancient mountainous people.
TheKurdishRebellions • Led by Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani, the Kurds revolt against parts of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. • This causes years of attempting to create an autonomous Kurdish state. • Leads to the creation of a Kurdish nation in northern Iraq and the destruction of the Iraqi regime of Premier Abdul KarimKassim.
Kurdish Flag There are over 25 million Kurds in the world, all without a state to call their own.
Mythological Lions, like this one in northern Kurdistan, have been thought of as a central piece in the Kurdish mythology.
Bibliography • Newyorktimes.com • Middleeasternhistory.suite101.com • Abc-clio.com • Tel.com • Sirs.com • Times.com • http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/06/12/18426957.php • http://www.saradistribution.com/galeri.htm • http://www.cool.mb.ca/~kakel/kurds.html • http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Kurds.aspx • http://www.selenasol.com/selena/struggle/kurds.html • http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kurds • http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/k/kurds/index.html • http://www.kurdistan.org/ • Omniglot.com • http://www.answers.com/topic/kurdistan • http://www.freewebs.com/rojbas/links.htm • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325241/Kurdistan • http://www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2004/sites/zana/images/Kurdish%20flag.jpg • http://www.jawadmella.org/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/contemporarykurdistanmap2005.jpg