The Palestinian Conflict

1. The Palestinian Conflict Presentation created by Robert Martinez Primary Content Source: A Short History of the World Images as cited.

2. The Arab-Israeli conflict is a dispute over the control of Palestine, or Israel, a narrow strip of land on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. internationalrelations.com

3. The Jewish claim is based partly on the ancient ties of the Jewish people to the Biblical kingdom of Israel, and partly on the fact that, in 1947, the United Nations granted them the right to establish a homeland there. ynetnews.com weeklypresspakistan

4. The Palestinian claim relies on the fact that their people have lived on this land for many hundreds of years. printsellers.com

5. The land is holy to three faiths – Christians, Jews and Muslims – and the conflict is also a religious clash between Jews and Muslims. kookyplanet.wordpress.com

6. Anti-semitism in Europe and Russia during the late 19th century drove many Jews – known as Zionists – to seek sanctuary in Palestine, where they hoped to build an independent Jewish state. billgladstone.ca

7. Under the British Mandate (1920-1948), clashes between Jewish settlers and Arabs became increasingly violent. news.bbc.co.uk

8. Jewish emigration to Palestine accelerated during the 1930s, particularly following the Nazi takeover of Germany. After the Holocaust, the international community found it harder to ignore Jewish demands for an independent homeland. adolf-hitler.org library.thinkquest.org

9. By 1947, the British wished to end their mandate and requested help from the United Nations. In November 1947, the UN devised a plan to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish, one Arab. The Jews accepted the plan, but the Arabs rejected it.

11. Fighting between the two sides broke out immediately. In the midst of this war, on May 15, 1948, the British departed Palestine and Jewish leaders declared the founding of the state of Israel. blogs.utexas.edu

12. Six neighboring Arab countries immediately invaded the new state. Although outnumbered, the well-organized Israeli forces held their own and even advanced into territory beyond that allocated to them by the UN plan. sites.google.com

13. jewishroots.net

14. By the war’s end, Israel controlled 77 percent of Palestine, while its Arab foes took over the remaining portions. Transjordan (Jordan) occupied the West Bank and Egypt occupied Gaza in the southwest. boston.com

15. The Palestinian Arab state proposed by the UN was never established. During the war, around 726,000 Palestinians fled Israel to become refugees in the West Bank, Gaza and neighboring Arab states. foreignpolicyjournal.com

16. None of the Arab state recognized Israel’s right to exist, and the following years were marked by frequent border skirmishes. faculty-staff.ou.edu

17. In June 1967, fearing imminent attack, Israel launched pre-emptive strikes against Egypt, Jordan and Syria. In just six days, the Israelis captured Gaza and the Sinai from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank from Jordan. wordsandwar.com

18. Over 750,000 Palestinian Arabs found themselves under the control of the Jewish state. Many turned their support to the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), a coalition of Palestinian groups that began engaging in terrorist activity against Israel. birthpangs.org

19. In 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a joint invasion of Israel. After making early gains, the Arab forces were pushed back. Israel won the war, but suffered heavy losses and was shaken by the surprise attack. flickr.com

20. In 1978, Israel and Egypt negotiated a peace agreement at Camp David in the U.S.A., including the withdrawal of Israel from Sinai. israelipalestinian.procon.org

21. In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon, hoping to drive out PLO fighters who had been attacking in the north. After a long, costly operation, the Israelis succeeded in forcing the PLO from Lebanon. unc.edu

22. During the 1980s, Palestinians living in the West Bank and Gaza grew increasingly frustrated by the continuing Israeli occupation and in 1987, they bean a mass uprising known as the ‘intifada’ (awakening). mideastweb.org

23. There were riots in many of the towns and cities of the occupied territories. By the time the intifada ended in 1993, over 1,000 Palestinians had been killed. jchistory.webnode.pt

24. In the early 1990s, Israel began peace negotiations with its Arab neighbors and the PLO, which led to the Oslo Accords, signed in 1993. indynewsisrael.com

25. Under its terms, Israel agreed to a staged withdrawal from the occupied territories. Israel would retain military control there while a newly established Palestinian Authority (PA) would take civil control. iris.org.

26. By the late 1990s, the peace process had stalled. Islamist groups within the Palestinian community (PA) – such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad – opposed any peace with Israel and carried out terrorist attacks against Israel. thegatewaypundit.com

27. Israel continued to build Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. Renewed attempts to reach a peace deal in 1998 and 2000 both failed. mycatbirdseat.com

28. A second intifada erupted in September 2000. This time, as well as rioting across the occupied territories, there was a rise in terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, inside Israel. diniahfalahiah.blogspot.com

29. Israel responded with ruthless acts of its own; reoccupying PA-controlled West Bank towns to destroy the terrorist bases there. nbcnews.com

30. In 2003, the UN drew up a ‘road map to peace’, detailing the route to a two-state solution to the conflict, but negotiations soon faltered in the face of renewed violence. Israel unilaterally withdrew from Gaza in 2005; the territory subsequently fell under the control of Hamas. idfblog.com

31. Hamas is a Palestinian militant organization, created in 1987 at the beginning of the first intifada. trackingterrorism.org

32. In late 2008, Israel launched an offensive in Gaza in response to continued rocket attacks by Hamas militants, at a cost of over 1,000 Palestinian lives. hvorhenderdet.nupi.no