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Violence Nursing 509 Summer, 2007

Violence Nursing 509 Summer, 2007. Challenge of defining violence or aggression. Range of acts and behavior constituting violence Mixture of factors Heredity, hormones, stress/life experiences Exposure to media Violence life experiences Social and cultural influences.

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Violence Nursing 509 Summer, 2007

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  1. ViolenceNursing 509Summer, 2007

  2. Challenge of defining violence or aggression • Range of acts and behavior constituting violence • Mixture of factors • Heredity, hormones, stress/life experiences • Exposure to media • Violence life experiences • Social and cultural influences

  3. Violent behavior likely stems from an interaction among an individual’s psychosocial development, genetics, neurological and hormonal differences, social processes and learning. • Taking an epigenetic perspective violence is a complex interaction among neural and social development, neural plasticity and social systems….

  4. Definitions • Violent behavior is defined as overt and intentional physically aggressive behavior against another person. • Can be impulsive or premeditated • Premeditated can be either predatory or pathological

  5. 6 dimensions used to analyze violent behavior • verbal or physical • direct or indirect • active or passive

  6. Correlates of violent behavior • Substance use disorders • Urine tests show positive for illicit drugs in 37 to 59% of males arrested for violent crimes • Urine tests show positive for alcohol in 40% of homicides • Major Mental Disorders • 4% risk for violence crimes • Frequently co-morbid with ETOH • Risk in persons who stop taking medications • Personality Disorders

  7. Correlates of violent behavior, continued • Brain Injuries • Frontal or temporal lobes • Failure of inhibitory control (gage) • Fetal Alcohol sydrome • Brain Disorders • Dementia • Mental retardation • Victims of child abuse • 1/3 grow up to continue pattern of neglectful, abusive parents. • Attachment disturbance

  8. Etiology • Social biology • Biological/genetic • Psychoanalytic model: Freud • Learning Theory: Bandura • Approach‑avoidance: Thorndyke, Hull & Spence, Guthrie • Pro‑Feminist

  9. Social biology • Aggression and violence adaptative responses, instinctual. (exclude predation) • Lorenz: universality of fighting among all species. Aggression evolved as a mechanism of species survival. • Intraspecies aggression: adaptative evolution functions, promotes survival of the fittest with consequent genetic benefit to species. • Animals attack when challenged or fearful • Maternal defense aggression • Intermale territorial aggression

  10. Seven kinds of aggression • Predatory • Competitive dominance • Defensive and maternal-protective • Hostile • Defensive • conquest of territory • Sex related • Can be impulsive or premeditated • Premeditated can be either predatory or pathological • social aggression is another term for competitive dominance

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