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Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863. 3 events prior to invasion:. Southern command adjustments. Longstreet. A.P. Hill. Ewell. Northern command problems:. McDowell. McClellan. Pope. Burnside. Hooker. Meade. Battle of Brandy Station. J.E.B. Stuart. Role of Cavalry:.

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Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

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  1. Battle of GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863

  2. 3 events prior to invasion: • Southern command adjustments Longstreet A.P. Hill Ewell

  3. Northern command problems: McDowell McClellan Pope

  4. Burnside Hooker Meade

  5. Battle of Brandy Station J.E.B. Stuart

  6. Role of Cavalry: • Act as a screen- keep opposing cavalry away from infantry movements • Gather intelligence- troop strength/disposition; info on geography • Heavy fighting usually done by infantry

  7. Lee’s Reasons to invade: • Take fight into northern areas- let them feel “real” sting of war • Respite for farmers in N. Va.- Live off the fat of Md. and Pa. farms • Foster support for the anti-war factions in the North • Gain international recognition- especially from England/France

  8. Geography: South Mountain

  9. Hills around Gettysburg Culp’s Hill Wesley Culp

  10. Cemetery Hill

  11. Little Round Top Big Round Top

  12. Ridges around Gettysburg: • Cemetery • Seminary

  13. Devil’s Den

  14. Peach Orchard

  15. The Wheatfield

  16. Why Gettysburg? • Shoes • Accidental

  17. July 1st

  18. John Buford, USA Henry Heth, CSA

  19. Robert E. Lee, CSA John Reynolds, USA

  20. Begins with Heth clashes with Buford outside (west) of Gettysburg • Lee does not want a full engagement but was not close enough to Gettysburg to prevent it from happening • Race to get the troops on the field • Morning goes to union, BUT Reynolds is killed • Ewell comes back from the north- pounds Union forces • Union retreats to Cemetery Hill and Ridge • Belatedly occupies Culp’s Hill

  21. Ewell rejects Lee’s “suggestion” to take Culp’s Hill • Meade decides to stay and fight and not retreat to Big Pipe Creek

  22. July 2nd • Morning lull • Lee and Longstreet at odds on strategy • Longstreet waits for core to come up, didn’t have all his divisions

  23. Afternoon, July 2ndroughly 3 or 4 o’clock • Ewell to demonstrate in force at Culp’s Hill- does little other than bombard • Trip hammer blows to hit the Union left McLaws Hood Wilcox Barksdale

  24. Fight for Little Round Top William C. Oates 15th Alabama Joshua Chamberlain 20th Maine Gouverneur Warren, USA

  25. Fight for: Devils Den, Peach Orchard and Wheatfield • Sickles’ dumb move • Union eventually pushed back to Cemetery Ridge

  26. Devil’s Den Peach Orchard The Wheatfield

  27. Ewell belatedly attacks Culp’s Hill at dusk • Fighting dies down at around 10pm Ewell

  28. July 3rd • Battle for Culp’s Hill restarts at first light • Confederates pushed off after 3hr battle • 1pm- Cavalry battle 3miles from battlefield, Stuart prevented from getting behind Union lines by David Gregg • 90 minute Confederate bombardment of Union positions

  29. George Pickett Cemetery Ridge, copse of trees

  30. Lewis Armistead, CSA James Kemper, CSA Richard Garnett, CSA E. Porter Alexander, CSA Winfield Scott Hancock, USA

  31. Pickett’s charge immediately following bombardment • Approximately 12,000 men charge center of the Union Lines- Angle and Copse of Trees • Few penetrate, roughly 100, and are quickly overwhelmed • The rest thrown back with major casualties

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