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ESS 303 – Biomechanics

ESS 303 – Biomechanics. Hip Joint. ♀/♂ Differences (Women). Entire pelvic girdle tilted forward Bones thinner and lighter Greater distance between greater-superior iliac spines (wider greater or false pelvis) Wider and more spherical true pelvis More triangular obturator foramen

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ESS 303 – Biomechanics

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  1. ESS 303 – Biomechanics Hip Joint

  2. ♀/♂ Differences (Women) • Entire pelvic girdle tilted forward • Bones thinner and lighter • Greater distance between greater-superior iliac spines (wider greater or false pelvis) • Wider and more spherical true pelvis • More triangular obturator foramen • Shallower symphasis pubis • Wider & more rounded pubic angle

  3. Sacral Positions Sacral Flexion (With Trunk Extension) Sacral Extension (With Trunk Flexion) Neutral

  4. 6 Pelvic Positions • Anterior tilt (with trunk flexion or thigh extension) • Posterior tilt (with trunk extension or thigh flexion) • Left lateral tilt (left side drops) • Right lateral tilt (right side drops) • Left rotation (left back/right forward) • Right rotation (right back/left forward)

  5. 4 Femur Neck Angles • Angle of inclination • =125º is normal • >125º is coxa valga • <125º is coxa vara • Angle of torsion • 12 to 14º is normal • Head forward is anteversion or internal femoral torsion (toeing in) – common & usually outgrown in children • Head back is retroversion (toeing out)

  6. 4 Femur Neck Angles • Angle of Wiberg • Increases with age • Male: about 38° • Female: about 35° • Acetabular anteversion • Male: about 18.5° • Female: about 21°

  7. Some Final Notes • Roundness of acetabulum decreases with age • Transmision of forces between upper and lower extremities • Acetabular labrum (fibro-cartilage lip) • Adds stability • Deepens socket • Increases concavity • Grasps head

  8. Movements and Major Muscles • Adduction: Gracilis & adductors (longus, brevis & magnus) • Abduction: Gluteus medius & gluteus minimus • Flexion: Iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas major) & rectus femoris • Extension: Gluteus maximus & hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus & biceps femoris) • Internal (medial) rotation: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus • External (lateral) rotation: Gluteus maximus, adductor brevis & aductor magnus • Circumduction, horizontal (transverse) abduction, horizontal (transverse) adduction, hyperabduction, hyperadduction & Hyperextension : Combinations or exaggerations of above

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