TETRACHLOROETHENE PERC Use Prioritization Considerations

1. TETRACHLOROETHENE (PERC)Use Prioritization Considerations Toxics Use Reduction Institute Jason Marshall Heidi Wilcox

2. PERC Basics CAS # 127-18-4 Synonyms: ethylene tetrachloride; tetrachloroethylene; perchloroethylene; perc; carbon dichloride; carbon bichloride; Perchloroethylene; PERK; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene; perchlor; PCE Include: CAS # Visual of chemical structure (if appropriate) Chemical abreviation (e.g., DEHP, Pb, CrIV, Cr +6, etc.) Synonyms for metals, different forms (hex vs. tri cr, lead and common types of lead compounds)Include: CAS # Visual of chemical structure (if appropriate) Chemical abreviation (e.g., DEHP, Pb, CrIV, Cr +6, etc.) Synonyms for metals, different forms (hex vs. tri cr, lead and common types of lead compounds)

3. PERC Physical & Chemical Properties Appearance Clear, colorless liquid Odor Ethereal odor Solubility 0.015 g in 100 g of water Specific Gravity 1.62 @ 20C/4C pH N/A % Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F) 100 Boiling Point 121C (250F) Melting Point -19C (-2F) Vapor Density (Air=1) 5.7 Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) 18 @ 25C (77F) Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1) 0.33 (trichloroethylene = 1)

4. PERC Potential Health Effects Inhalation: Irritating to the upper respiratory tract. Giddiness, headache, intoxication, nausea and vomiting may follow the inhalation of large amounts Massive amounts can cause breathing arrest, liver and kidney damage, and death Ingestion: Not highly toxic by this route because of low water solubility Used as an oral dosage for hookworm (1 to 4 ml) Causes abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness Skin Contact: Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain May be absorbed through the skin with possible systemic effects Eye Contact: Causes irritation, redness, and pain Chronic Exposure: May cause liver, kidney or central nervous system damage after repeated or prolonged exposures. Suspected cancer risk from animal studies. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or impaired liver or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance The use of alcoholic beverages enhances the toxic effects

5. PERC Potential Health Effects Airborne Exposure Limits: -OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 100 ppm (TWA), 200 ppm (ceiling), 300 ppm/5min/3-hour (max) -ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 25 ppm (TWA), 100 ppm (STEL); listed as A3, animal carcinogen

6. PERC Health Effects Overexposure may cause central nervous system and liver effects concentrations of 200 ppm or more have been associated with dizziness, confusion, headache, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and mucous tissue. exposure to extremely high levels (>1,500 ppm) may lead to unconsciousness due to anesthesia and, in extreme cases, death from respiratory depression International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies PERC in Group 2A, as a substance considered "probably carcinogenic to humans.� EPA�s Science Advisory Board Concluded that the weight of the evidence for PERC does not support its classification as a probable human carcinogen under EPA�s 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Classifies PERC in its Category A3 ("animal carcinogen") What would a lay person (e.g., the legislative aides) in the room need to know about the chemical as background to help us prioritize uses?What would a lay person (e.g., the legislative aides) in the room need to know about the chemical as background to help us prioritize uses?

7. PERC Production US Estimates: U.S. demand for the chemical in 2004 was estimated to be about 355 million pounds (Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc.) Chemical intermediate - 66% Drycleaning/textile processing - 12% Automotive aerosols - 12% Metal cleaning/degreasing - 8% Miscellaneous � 2% 1 slide on national or international use of chemical � e.g., breakdown by industry use, global production, or other numbers to give them an idea of the scale of use of the chemical, and what industries use it worldwide. good slide for Chemical economics handbook #�s?1 slide on national or international use of chemical � e.g., breakdown by industry use, global production, or other numbers to give them an idea of the scale of use of the chemical, and what industries use it worldwide. good slide for Chemical economics handbook #�s?

8. TURA Reporting This will be one slide on TURA data breakdown by industry sector. (probably pie chart and table w/ quantities) If you have it, give it to Liz. If not, I will do them.This will be one slide on TURA data breakdown by industry sector. (probably pie chart and table w/ quantities) If you have it, give it to Liz. If not, I will do them.

9. TURI Recommended Low Priority Uses List uses that we don�t want to consider, and brief reason why not (minor use, comprehensive studies done by others, etc.)List uses that we don�t want to consider, and brief reason why not (minor use, comprehensive studies done by others, etc.)

10. Major Use Categories Prepare one slide for each major use category for the chemical, showing breakdown within that category. They should have enough information that you can talk from them, and refer to the detailed handouts for other info. List use and just significant findings from other columns. The columns listed here are only suggestions � there is limited space on a PP slide, so be judicious! e.g., high use in products in MA, Commercially available alternatives, Prepare one slide for each major use category for the chemical, showing breakdown within that category. They should have enough information that you can talk from them, and refer to the detailed handouts for other info. List use and just significant findings from other columns. The columns listed here are only suggestions � there is limited space on a PP slide, so be judicious! e.g., high use in products in MA, Commercially available alternatives,