The Events of The French Revolution

1. The Events of The French Revolution

2. Financial Situation Debt from Wars Debt from King’s extravagance Interest payments ½ tax revenue Tax structure problems Change necessary soon

3. Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution? • Unfair class system • Enlightenment ideas • Louis XVI’s leadership skills • A strong economy

4. Estates General called Last called in 1614 Legislative body in an Absolute Monarchy Meeting at Versailles’ palace Each Estate gets one vote May 5th, 1789

5. Double the Third Third Estate won’t cooperate; knows result Meets in Tennis Court King offers two votes to Third Estate Third rejects King’s offer King closes the Estates General to the 3rd Estate June 17th, 1789

6. National Assembly June 20th, 1789 Three Estates meet Form National Assembly All Three Estates represented Question format of Assembly

7. Tennis Court Oath National Assembly vows to make change Vow taken in Tennis Court Will not disband until Constitution is created

8. Bastille King’s Prison in downtown Paris Symbol of King’s power and control Crowds of 3rd Estate members attack Free prisoners and gain weapons

9. Great Fear Rumors of violence against peasants Untrue Rumors Violence causedagainst Manor houses

10. Which of the following is not an example of citizen action in France during the Revolution? • March on Versailles • Estates General • Tennis Court Oath • Storming of the Bastille

11. Which statement describes the impact of the idea of government as a social contract on the French Revolution in 1789? • The king granted women the right to vote. • French citizens claimed their natural rights. • The king raised taxes to pay off the public debt.  • French citizens supported the king against the nobles

12. Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 1789 Weakened the King’s power when he rejected it The King refused to sign the Declaration Stated the major principals the peasants wanted Incorporated the ideas of the Enlightenment Guaranteed natural rights such as freedom of speech, limited arbitrary arrest and punishment

13. Women March on Versailles Women marched to Versailles due to the refusal of the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen October 1789 Angry Mob of Women attack the King’s Palace King listens to women’s request, moves to Paris with family Women wanted lower food prices and the king to show support for the National Assembly

14. Civil Constitution of the Clergy Made the Clergy be elected and not appointed by the Pope National Assembly voted to take the land held by the Church and sell it. 1791 Pope Pius VI condemned the Revolution Created a deep rift between the Church and the People Weakened the power of the Church Created two churches: one loyal to Rome and one loyal to France

15. New Government Unicameral Legislature chosen by voters Divided between Royalists (supported the King) and Radicals (supported the Revolution) Not popular with the people Kept the Monarchy Only males could vote in this government

16. King Flees King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette left Paris in costume Tried to escape to Austria where the Queen was from; her brother was the Emperor of Austria Spotted by a road block near the border in Varennes and arrested Returned to Paris and Louis accepted the limited monarchy proposed by the National Assembly 1792

17. Declare war on Austria 1792 France declares war on Austria Austria supported by Prussia and Silesia, monarchies to their east. France declares war so they can get a jump on the other countries who seem ready to declare war on them

18. Section Three

19. Battle at Valmy 1792 • Austrians/Prussians/Silesians vs. French Revolutionaries or Monarchists vs. Revolutionaries Victory for the French Boosted the spirits of the Revolutionaries Saved the Revolution for the time being National Convention created a new Government for France; a Republic/Democracy

20. National Convention and the New Calendar National Convention meets: 1792-1795 Replaced the Monarchy with a democratic Constitution Started a new era of freedom: constitution, calendar, borders. All newness based on Natural: rights, borders, calendar, etc. Day One, Year One= Sept. 22, 1792

21. What action by the leaders of the French Revolution demonstrates that they were influenced by Enlightenment ideas? • They called for the fall of the absolute monarchy. • They encouraged the conquests of Napoleon. • They fought to maintain France’s colonial empire.   • They supported the combination of church and state

22. Trial and Execution of the King Tried December 1792, Executed January 1793 Convicted for Conspiring against the “Liberty of the Nation” A large box of letters he had written to foreign monarchs was the incriminating evidence. King is a symbol of oppression People were joyous after his death

23. Committee of Public Safety Created to direct war effort Formed by the National Assembly Set up the Republic of Virtue which was the Jacobins answer to the democratic republic Ruled France after the King Led by Maximilien de Robespierre

24. Reign of Terror July 1793-July 1794 Caused by the Jacobins wanting power 40,000 died/85% were merchants, laborers and peasants using the Guillotine Attempted to sort those in favor of the Revolution from those who were not. Jacobins: radical extremists who wanted to change everything about France; hostile

25. Constitution of 1795 1795- Replaces the Constitution of 1791 Only citizens who owned property could vote Sets up the Directory (Executive branch with 5 directors) Brought into effect by wealthy middle class citizens The Gap between the rich and poor grows larger

26. The Directory Rules with a Bicameral Legislature and a Five Director Executive Branch Completely ineffective 1795-1799 Corrupt Leadership Revolutionary government was on the brink of Bankruptcy French people of all classes looked to the power of the army to save France from ruin

27. Section Four: Napoleon’s Empire

28. Overthrow of the Directory First he sets up a Consulate Overthrows the Directory in 1799 Replaced elected officials with men he appointed himself.

29. Consulate There are three Consuls; Napoleon names himself the First Consul and concentrates the power in his own hands. 1802 Approved by a Plebiscite or a popular vote

30. Crowns Himself Emperor 1804 Had the support of most people of France Restoring order; financially, thru education, militarily Created the Bank of France Required all citizens to pay taxes From a democracy to an Empire in 5 years (1799-1804) Financial situation brought inflation and high prices under control

31. Napoleonic Code Wrote the Napoleonic Code with Enlightenment ideas of Natural Law Clear as opposed to those of the past Women lost many rights that they had received during the Revolution Placed the State over the Individual Educated people get more rights Limited the Freedom of Speech and Press Allowed censorship of printed material

32. Concordat of 1801 Catholicism was the religion of the majority of French People Allowed for Religious toleration Deal made with Napoleon and Pope Pius VII Pope gives up Church land and in return Government of France pays the Clergy

33. Battle of Trafalgar Off the southern Coast of Spain October 1805 French defeat Stopped the possibility of a French Invasion into Great Britain Made the necessity of the Continental System

34. Continental System Napoleon ordered all European Nations he had conquered to stop trading with the British Britain responded to the trade blockade with a counter-threat: any ship on it’s way to a European port had to stop in Britain first France responded that they would seize any ship which stopped at a British port This led to conflicts with other “outside countries”

35. Attack on Russia Russia needs to withdraw from the Continental System, they can’t make ends meet without trading with Britain Napoleon is outraged Launches a suicide mission in May of 1812 Russians launch a “scorched earth” plan; knowing that his army is on it’s way, they set supplies on fire and then retreat. The attack was a failure

36. 100 Days After his return to France,he is forced to abdicate (give up his Emperor-ship) and exiled to a small island off the coast of Italy called Elba. The boundires of France were reduced to those of 1792 Napoleon returnes to France in March 1815 and gains France’s support

37. Battle of Nations @ Waterloo, Belgium Napoleon raises an army In June 1815, the French troops are defeated by a combined force of British, Dutch, Prussians and Austrians European Monarchs feared that the would regain strength and defeated him once and for all

38. St. Helena • After losing at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled there in 1815 • St. Helena is located in the South Atlantic • He died there under house arrest in 1821

39. Section Five: Peace in Europe

40. Congress of ViennaClemens Von Metternich Sept 1814 to June 1815 Meet in Vienna, Austria Attended by all European Nations delgates The Big Four (Britain, Russia, Austria and France) attempt to establish European Stability

41. RestorationReparationBalance of Power Guided by three principals: Restoration: restoring the Absolute Monarchs to the their thrones Reparation: the countries of Europe should be repaid for their expenses incurred while fighting France Balance of Power: No country should be able to dominate Continental Europe

42. Buffer States Neutral Territories around France Attempting to keep France from undermining the rulers of neighboring countries Other rules didn’t want France’s type of rule to spread to their countries Austrian Netherlands, Dutch Netherlands become one country between France and Prussia

43. Reactionaries vs. Liberalism Reactionaries people who opposed change and wanted to return to the way it was Liberals- accepted the ideas of the Enlightenment and the results of the French Revolution. Believed in democratic reforms and individual freedoms

44. Alliances Alliances are the promise of one country to help another in the alliance Alliances were called Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia Concluded the alliance in 1815 France was admitted three years later Alliances were in place to prevent democratic revolution

45. Metternich System The Meetings of the Alliances were called the Concert of Europe and helped European countries avoid conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars Metternich achieved his political goals in opposing Liberalism and Nationalism as well as defending the Absolute Monarchies of Europe

46. Nationalism The idea of the people controlling their countries and not the Kings was not eliminated by the Metternich System In Germany, students rose up against the government In Spain, the Absolute Monarch was forced to accept a constitution In Greece the people won their independence from Turkey in 1829 The ideas of the French Revolution lived on!