Workshop on Doctoral Education in Architecture

1. Workshop on DoctoralEducation in Architecture DoctoralEducation: New Agenda of EC GulsunSaglamer IstanbulTechnicalUniversity 28-29 November2011, IstanbulTechnicalUniversity

2. Content • SettingtheScenebyFacts • Activites on DoctoralEducation in EU • New Agenda of EC: GreenPaper • Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiative : InnovationUnion

3. Facts I Number of Researchers Thenumber of full time equivalentresearchers /perthousandlaborforce 5.4 in the EU in 2003, comparedto 10.1 in japan 9.0 in USA FinancialResourcesAllocatedfor R&D (%GDP) *EU 1.84 %(2006) Japan3.39 % USA 2.61 % Turkey 0.85 % *Franz vanVught, 2009 Worldshare of Sci. Publ. Publ./ millionpopulation • EU 38% 639 • USA 33%809 • Japan 9% 569 Patent Applications • 31 % EU 33 % USA 16 % japan (2005) Patent applicationsincreaseddramatically in Asiancountries (2000-2005) • India 241% • China 137%

4. Facts II In 2005, • the EU-27 producedsome100,000doctoralgraduatescomparedto • 53,000 in the USA • 15,000 in Japan Between 2000-2005 averageannualgrowth on thenumber of doctoralgraduates, EU-27 5% USA 3.3% Japan 4.6% Over 50% of doctorateholders in Europemovingintocarreersbeyondacademicsector, collaborativedoctoralprogrammesarebecomingincreasinglyimportant. EUA,CollaborativeDoctoralEducation, 2009

5. Activities on Doctoral Programmes across Europe EUA and BFUG meetings on Doctoral Studies in the last 5 years: • Bologna Seminar on “Doctoral Programmes for the European Knowledge Society”, Salzburg, 2005 • EUA’s“Transatlantic Dialogue on Doctoral Education”, Salzburg, 2006 • Bologna Seminar on “Doctoral Programmes”, Nice 2007 • “First Global Summit”–Banff Principles, 2007 • “EUA Doc Career Project”, 2006-2008 • “EUA Doctoral Council Launch Conference”, Lausanne, 2008 • “EUA Conference on Doctoral Education”, Lausanne, 2009 • “EUA-CDE Workshop”, Wageningen, 2010 • “Third EUA-CDE Workshop”, Ghent, 2010 • “Third EUA-CDE Annual Conference”, Berlin, 2010 • “Fourth EUA-CDE AnnualConference, Madrid, 2011

6. Fourth EUA-CDE Annual Meeting 2011Promoting Creativity – cultivating the research mindset Thegoal of doctoraleducation is tonurturethe innovativeresearchmindset. Achievingthismindsetrequires thedevelopment of a highlevel of autonomyand criticalthinking as well as theabilitytothinkindependentlyandcreativelyabouthighlycomplexissues.

7. New Agenda of EC: GreenPaper (9.2.2011) “Europe needs to make a step change in its research and innovation performance. As theInnovation Union pointed out, this requires research and innovation to be better linked. Weshould break away from traditional compartmentalised approaches and focus more onchallenges and outcomes to be achieved, linking our research and innovation funding closer toour policy objectives. Developing a simplified set of instruments and rules is equally crucial,while leaving room for flexibility where it is needed.” Greenpaper is • Tryingtointegrate • FundingResources, • HumanResources • Creatingattractiveresearchandinnovationclimatetoattracttalents • Removingbarriersbetweendisciplines, sectors, countries 3 I Interdiscipliner-Intersectoral-International GREEN PAPER, From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EUResearchandInnovationfunding, 9.2.2011

8. Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativeInnovationUnion (6.10.2010) WhatarethemaingoalsforEurope 2020 strategy? • Smart / sustainable / inclusivegrowth • InnovationUnion • 1 millionnewresearchjobs • Attracting, trainingandretainingyoungandtalentedpeopletobecomeresearchers • Quality of doctoraltraining, withbusinessinvolvement • Internationallycompetitiveresearchcareers • Attractiveemployementconditions • Genderbalance Twonewprogrammesarecreated in MC • EuropeanIndustrialDoctorates • InnovativeDoctoralProgrammes

9. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion, thefollowingareneeded (10) 3. Our education systems at all levels need to be modernised. Excellence must evenmore become the guiding principle. We need more world-class universities,raise skill levels and attract top talent from abroad. 6. We need to get more innovation out of our research. Cooperation between theworlds of science and the world of business must be enhanced, obstaclesremoved and incentives put in place. 9. Our strengths in design and creativity must be better exploited. We mustchampion social innovation. We must develop a better understanding of publicsector innovation, identify and give visibility to successful initiatives, andbenchmarkprogress.

10. EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion: SomeCommittements (34) 2. Thecommissionwillalsosupportbusiness-academiacollaborationsthroughthecreation of “knowledgeAlliances” betweeneducationandbusinesstodevelopnewoperations 4. Bytheend of 2014, Quality of doctoraltraining, attractiveemployementconditionsandgenderbalance in researchcareerswill be ensuredthrough a commonapproach. 19. In 2011, the Commission will set up a European Design Leadership Board whichwill be invited to make proposals within a year to enhance the role of design ininnovation policy, for example through EU and/or national programmes, and a"European Design Excellence" label. As part of the follow up to the Green Paper oncultural and creative industries, the Commission will establish a European CreativeIndustries Alliance to develop new forms of support for these industries andpromote the wider use of creativity by other sectors.

11. SomeThoughts The problem is Howlongwill it taketorealisewhathavebeendeclared in “EC Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiativetoachieveInnovationUnion” SustainableFunding EU andNationStates have powerful capabilities but there is a strongneedtoreceive ongoing supportfrom the public sector and leverage significantfundsfromindustry. Sustainability of fundingplays a crucial role in thisprocess Strategies Strategies at EU andnationstatelevelsshould pay sufficient attention to business requirementsand the location of relevant expertise.Theyshouldalsocreatesuitableenvironmentforefficientandeffectivecooperationbetweenuniversityandindustry

12. Challengesfor “Industrial/InnovativeDoctoralProgrammes” Universitiesareexcellent in fundamentalresearch but when it comestoappliedresearchmanyacademicssee “innovation” as an activitywhichshould be takingplaceoutsideuniversityenvironment. There is a “gap” not “walls” betweenuniversity ---------- industry

13. Achievements of MarieCurieProgramme MC ActionsmayprovidenewopportunitiesforindustrialPhDSchemes • MC has reachedto 50 000 MC fellowsby 2010 and • headingtoreach 90 000 by 2013 Speed of change is toohigh There is a needfor ACTION Withoutquestionthatrequires A newmind-set in theHigherEducationWorld and ……Industry as well.

14. Questions Whataretheneeds of thesociety? Whataretheneeds of constructionindustry? Whatarethecapabilities of theuniversities? Whatkind of instrumentshould be used? There is a strongneedforjointeffortstousepotentials of HEIsandindustryfor R&I andto be abletodevelop “New Generation of DoctoralProgrammes”

15. ThankYou

16. References • Europe 2020 FlagshipInitiative, InnovationUnion (6.10.2010) • GREEN PAPER, From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EUResearchandInnovationfunding, 9.2.2011 • Harris, R., Giard J., Pijawka D., 2004, Interdisciplinary Doctoral Education in Environmental Design: Assessment of Programs, Issues, Structure, and Vision, • Saglamer,G., 2010 “ InnovationandIndustrialPh.D Schemes,”, Conference on “theFuture of EuropeanUniversitiesAfter Bologna”, 13 december 2010, UniversityFoundation, Brussels • EUA,CollaborativeDoctoralEducation, 2009 • Frans Van Vught, , “The EU InnovationAgenda: Challengesfor EuropeanHigherEducationandResearché, HigherEducationandManagementandPol,icy, journal of theprogramme on IMHE, Vol 21/2 , 2009, pp 9-12.