5.3 The French and Indian war

1. 5.3 The French and Indian war

2. France Claims Western Lands • France claimed the Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River Valley, and all of the area around the Great Lakes. • LaSalle had claimed all of the Mississippi River Basin for France.

3. By 1760 the French had 80,000 settlers on the continent while the British had over one million. • Many French settlers were fur traders and they traded European goods with the Native Americans for fur.

4. Native American Alliances • The English were in competition with the French for furs because fur had become a hot fashion item all over Europe. • The Indians were competing with each other to supply furs to the Europeans. • The Huron and Algonquin Indians were allies with the French, and the Iroquois were allies with the Dutch and English. • Beginning (colonially speaking) in 1689, the French and English began to fight with each other and their Native American allies fought alongside them. • During the 1700’s two more wars occurred between the French and English, and naturally the fighting spilled into the colonies.

5. Conflict in the Ohio River Valley • British fur traders began to move into the Ohio River Valley which alarmed the French and their Indian allies. • The French attacked, and the British withdrew. • In 1753 the British sent a small group of soldiers to tell the French to leave (Washington was with this group of soldiers). • The French refused to leave so the British built a fort at the head of the Ohio River which they didn’t finish. • The French and their Native American pards finished the fort, claimed it, and called it Fort Duquesne (this is near the present day city of Pittsburgh…remember that).

6. War Begins and Spreads • The Virginia Lieutenant Governor sent Washington and some men to defend the fort (now taken over by the French), but on their way he learned that the British didn’t control it any longer. • Washington and his men built a sad sack excuse for a fort and called it Fort Necessity. • Washington attacked a French force and in return the French attacked Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754. • Washington surrendered and the French let him go back to Virginia. • This was the beginning of the French and Indian War.

7. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=c027fb8a-074e-4be5-8f02-be4f61e381c4http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=c027fb8a-074e-4be5-8f02-be4f61e381c4 • The French and Indian War became part of a worldwide struggle between France and England for empire called the Seven Years War. • This is important: Instead of war beginning in Europe and spreading to the colonies, the war started in the colonies and spread to Europe.

8. Albany Plan of Union • During the time of the Fort Necessity surrender, British and Iroquois representatives were meeting near Albany, New York. • Iroquois wouldn’t commit to an alliance with the Brits (because they were losing?) • Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union: • -the colonies would ban together for defense • -it was the first formal plan to unite the colonies • -each colony was to send representatives to a grand council which could collect taxes, raise armies, make treaties, and start new settlements • -leaders of colonies defeated this plan

9. The British Take Quebec • In 1757, William Pitt was appointed the British Secretary of State. • Pitt was determined to win in America and poured money and troops (more boots on the ground works every time it’s tried) into the conflict there. • By August Fort Duquesne was renamed Fort Pitt in honor of ??? • The British then went on to attack the French in Quebec where the French surrendered.

10. Treaty of Paris, 1763 • The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War and also the Seven Years War in Europe. • -Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi river. • -France gave New Orleans to Spain along with territory west of the Mississippi • -Britain gave the Philippines and Cuba back to Spain in exchange for Florida. • -this ended French power in most of North America

12. Pontiac’s Rebellion • The British took over French forts after the French left and refused to give supplies to the Indians (remember, they had been used to trading with the French at these forts). • British settlers moved across the mountains onto Indian land. • In 1763 the Indians attacked and destroyed almost every British fort west of the Appalachians (Pontiac’s Rebellion) • The British retaliated and even attacked Indians not involved.

13. Proclamation of 1763 • forbade the British to colonize west of the Appalachians • this was because the British govt. knew it would be expensive to defend the area • it made the colonists mad because they felt they won the right to settle in the Ohio River Valley • it made the British govt. mad that the colonists still wanted to go in the western area because they felt the colonists didn’t want to pay for their own defense. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8417e106-e529-4490-943b-5b1e3187e1ee