Welcome! Please click on the staircase below to enter our museum.

1. Welcome! Please click on the staircase below to enter our museum.

2. Welcome to the Renaissance of Gifted Education Museum Entrance National Defense Education Act 1950s – 1960s Hall of Fame Sputnik Torrance Hall

3. The National Defense Education Act 1958 Skeletal System Statement by the President Origin and History Disease, Goals for the Act NDEA Titles I - X Return to Entry

4. NDEA Origin and History The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) is a United States Act of Congress, passed in 1958 providing aid to education in the United States at all levels, both public and private. The NDEA was instituted primarily to stimulate the advancement of education in science, mathematics, and modern foreign languages; but it has also provided aid in other areas, including vocational education, area studies, geography, English as a second language, counseling and guidance, school libraries and librarianship, and educational media centers. One of its purposes was to keep the United States ahead of the Soviet Union during the space race through education. The Act provides institutions of higher education with 90% of capital funds for low-interest loans to students. NDEA also gives federal support for improvement and change in elementary and secondary education. The Act contains statutory prohibitions of federal direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution. Return to Exhibit

5. Statement by the President Upon Signing I HAVE TODAY signed into law H. R. 13247, the National Defense Education Act.This Act, which is an emergency undertaking to be terminated after four years, will in that time do much to strengthen our American system of education so that it can meet the broad and increasing demands imposed upon it by considerations of basic national security. While the Congress did not see fit to provide a limited number of National Defense scholarships which I recommended as an incentive to our most promising youth, I consider this Act to be a sound and constructive piece of legislation. Much remains to be done to bring American education to levels consistent with the needs of our society. The federal government having done its share, the people of the country, working through their local and State governments and through private agencies, must now redouble their efforts toward this end. September 2, 1958 -Dwight D. Eisenhower Return to Exhibit

6. Goals • To strengthen national defense and encourage expansion of educational programs to meet critical needs • Ensured no student of ability be denied an opportunity for higher educational because of financial aid • Will correct imbalances which have led to insufficient proportions of population in science, mathematics, and foreign language • Modern techniques will be developed from complex scientific principals Return to Exhibit

7. E. Paul Torrance + Brown v. Board + Civil Rights Skeletal System Return to Entry

8. Wall Photos Messages Events E. Paul Torrance Logout Wall Info Photos Write on Paul’s Wall… Professor Torrance, my name is Ryan Neumann and I just wanted to say it has been an honor learning about such a pioneer in the research, identification, and development of creative potential Share facebook View photos of Paul (5) E. Paul Torrance is working on an updated version of his 40-year longitudinal study of creativity July 19, 2011 Send Paul a message Poke message Bonnie Cramondgot an email from this high school teacher in Cobb County asking if I would have time to sit down and talk about the Torrance Center sometime. I told him, “Absolutely, I'll be glad to talk to you about Dr. Torrance—anything you need to know”…just thought you’d like to know  hope you’re doing well! July 14, 2011 Information Networks: UGA. University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Mercer University Birthday: October 8, 1915 Interests: Thinking Originally Hometown: Milledgeville, GA E. Paul Torrance is working on an updated version of his 40-year longitudinal study of creativity E. Paul Torrance don’t be afraid to fall in love with something and pursue it with intensity July 14, 2011 E. Paul Torrance has a question…how would you make Angry Birds a better game?...don’t forget people, I’m looking for verbal and figural suggestions here. July 13, 2011 Friends E. Paul Torrance is convinced that children and adults have a better chance in life if their best abilities are both identified and encouraged. July 11, 2011 Bonnie Pansy Joe Next Ben JP Henry

9. Wall Photos Messages Events E. Paul Torrance Logout Wall Info Photos Basic Information Networks: UGA, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Mercer University Sex: Male Birthday:October 8, 1915 Hometown:Milledgeville, Georgia Relationship Status: Married to Patsy Torrance facebook View photos of Paul (3) Send Paul a message Poke message Personal Information Activities:Developing the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, creating the Future Problem Solving Program, and creating the Incubation Model of Teaching . Favorite Place The Torrance Center for Creativity and Talent Development because it is center that is concerned with the identification and development of creative potential and with gifted and future studies. Favorite Nickname: Father of Creativity Favorite Movies:Manifesto for Children (a focus on the longitudinal study of 215 young adults who attended elementary school in Minnesota from 1958 to 1964) Favorite Test:My own (but I’m kind of biased) Torrance Test for its measurement of creativity through prompting students to embellish sets of supplied shapes. Favorite Self-Authored Books:Guiding Creative Talent, Rewarding Creative Behavior, The Search for Satori and Creativity, The Incubation Model of Teaching, Mentor Relationships and Why Fly?, and a work of fiction by Neumann titled What Had Happened Information Networks: UGA, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, Mercer University Birthday: October 8, 1915 Interests: Thinking Originally Hometown: Milledgeville, GA E. Paul Torrance is working on an updated version of his 40-year longitudinal study of creativity Photos 2 Albums Training on the Torrance Test Updated 53 years ago Return to exhibit Contact Information Airf Force Survival School Updated 60 years ago Address: G-3 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA, 30602 Phone Number: (706) 542-6446

10. Brown v. Board of Education Return to exhibit

11. Civil Rights Return to Exhibit

12. Sputnik Skeletal System Return to Entry

13. Sputnik – October 4, 1957 • The U.S. Department of Education had just released a report indicating that after 10 years a Soviet student is more advanced than an American student after 12 years of education. The report went further to recommend that university researchers should be involved in developing school criteria. This report was punctuated with the sound of Soviet technology overhead. For the first time, a man made satellite orbited the earth. This innocuous looking sphere sent shockwaves through the United States as people listened to its relentless beeping from over 500 miles above. The realization that next the Soviet Union could launch atomic weapons was in the forefront of the American mind. • For the first time the United States found itself behind the Soviet Union in technology. This cause what could be described as the renaissance of gifted education. Return to Sputnik Hall

14. Convergence of Events • The convergence of two events sparked a renewed emphasis on science, technology, and gifted education. With the cold war creating a national moral imperative, the country responded with changes in education and legislation. As President Obama said during a State of the Union speech, “ But after investing in better research and education we didn’t surpass the Soviets; we unleashed a wave of innovation that created new industries and millions of new jobs”. Agencies such as NASA and DARPA were created as a result. These agencies were responsible for many advances in daily life as well as their intended purposes. Return to Exhibit

15. Government to the rescue With a renewed emphasis on education, the federal government began infusing local educational systems with money. Many Americans feared that this would lead to federal control of local schools. Educators, on the other hand, saw the opportunity for more money. This led to the 1958 Defense Education Act. Return to Exhibit

16. 50s – 60s Hall of Fame Skeletal System Guilford Bloom Taylor And Kough Return to Entry

17. Wall Photos Flair Boxes J.P. Guilford Logout Wall Info Photos Boxes Write something… Share facebook View photo of J.P.(2) JP Guilford Psychology should be the chief basic science upon which the practices of education depend. It should have supplied education with the information it needs concerning the processes of understanding, learning, and thinking, among other things. One of the difficulties has been that such theory as has been developed has been based primarily upon studies of behavior of rats and pigeons. As someone has said, some of the theory thus developed has been an insult even to the rat. J.P. GUILFORD, The Nature of Human Intelligence Send J.P. a message Poke message Information JP Guilford1955 – Just blew away the audience at the American Psychologist Association Convention when I suggested that IQ tests were not the only means of measuring intelligence. Networks: University of Nebraska Creative Education Foundation Birthday: March 7th Political: Religion: Hometown: Marquette, Nebraska J.P. Guilford is sure that the measurement of intelligence goes beyond an IQ score. JP GuilfordJust introduced my “Structure of Intellect” theory where I believe there are more than 120 different kinds of intelligences spread across three categories: content, operations and products. JP Guilford Check out my new book The Nature of Human Intelligence Friends Mary Meeker wants to thank J.P. Guilford for his work. Your work inspired me to create the Structure of Intellect Learning Abilities Test (SOI-LAT). NEXT Thurstone Thorndike Meeker

18. Wall Photos Flair Boxes J.P. Guilford Logout Wall Info Photos Boxes Basic Information Networks: The Gifted Education Community Sex: Male Birthday: March 7th Hometown: Marquette, Nebraska Relationship Status: Education: University of Nebraska, B.A., M.A. Cornell University, Ph.D. (1924-1927) facebook View photos of JFK (5) Send JFK a message Poke message Personal Information Activities: Studying Human Intelligence Interests: Theory of the structure of Intellect Favorite Music: Favorite Movies: Favorite Books:The Nature of Human Intelligence Information Networks: University of Nebraska Birthday: March 7, 1897 Political: Religion: Hometown: Marquette, Nebraska J.P. Guilford is sure is sure that the measurement of intelligence goes beyond an IQ score. Contact Information Photos 2 Albums Address: University of Nebraska The Model Updated last Tuesday NEXT Profile Picture Updated two months ago

19. Wall Photos Flair Boxes John F. Kennedy Logout J.P. Guilford is sure is sure that the measurement of intelligence goes beyond an IQ score. Wall Info Photos Boxes Photos of J.P. Gilford1Photos facebook J.P.’s Albums 2 Photo Alums NEXT Profile Pictures 1 photo The Model 1 photo

20. Career Structure of Intellect • Teacher Grades 1 through 8 outside Phillips, Nebraska (1915-1916) • Teacher Grades 5 through 8 Phillips, Nebraska (1916-1917) • U. S. Army Private (1918-1919) • Teacher Grades 7 and 8 Hooper, Nebraska (Spring 1919) • Acting Superintendent of Schools (Summer 1919) • Interim Director for University of Nebraska Psychological Clinic (1919-1921) • Instructor at University of Illinois (1926-1927) • Assistant Professor at University of Kansas (1927-1928) • Associate Professor at University of Nebraska (1928-1932) • Professor at University of Nebraska (1932-1940) • Director of the Bureau of Instructional Research (1938-1940) • Teacher at the University of Southern California (Summer 1938, 1939) • Professor at University of South California (1940-1967) • Director of Psychological Research #3 Santa Ana Army Air Base (1942-1946) • President or member of numerous organizations and societies • Editorial board member for scholarly journals such as the American Journal of Psychology and Psychological Review Notable Publications • Contents • Visual • Auditory • Symbolic • Semantic • Behavioral • Products • Units • Classes • Relations • Systems • Transformation • Implications • Operations • Evaluation • Convergent Production • Divergent Production • Memory • Cognition Notable Publications • Psychometric Methods (1936) • Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education (1942) • Printed Classification Tests (1947) • General Psychology (1939) • Fields of Psychology (1940) • Personality (1959) • Prediction of Categories from Measurements (1949) Return to Exhibit

21. Wall Photos Flair Boxes Benjamin Bloom Logout Wall Info Photos Boxes Write something… Share facebook View photos of Benjamin (1) RH Dave to Benjamin Bloom You’ve inspired me, Prof! I’m studying differences in sibling achievement in the same household… so interesting. 1963 Send BENJAMIN a message Poke message Broder to Benjamin Bloom Ben, I am enjoying working with you and the college students! It’s good to know what they are thinking; after all, it’s their education, right? 1958 Information Networks: University of Chicago Birthday: February 21, 1913 Political: ??? Religion: ??? Hometown: Lansford, PA Benjamin Bloom is unveiling Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook I, the cognitive domain today!!! 1956 Benjamin Bloom is sure education is not a race. Wish everyone thought this, too! Benjamin Bloom I believe learning should be geared toward process and will enable all young people to be successful. 1955 Friends Elliot Eisner to Benjamin Bloom Great class today, Professor! You really are “in love with the process of finding out…” how people learn. 1954 NEXT Ralph W. Tyler to Benjamin Bloom Ben! Keep up the good work! We miss you here in the Board of Examiners office… at least you’re still on campus! 1940 Eisner Broder Tyler RH Dave

22. Wall Photos Flair Boxes Benjamin Bloom Logout Wall Info Photos Boxes Basic Information Networks: University of Chicago Sex: Male Birthday: February 21, 1913 Hometown: Lansford, PA Relationship Status: Married to My Work Political Views: ??? Religious Views: ??? facebook View photos of Benjamin (1) Send BENJAMIN a message Poke message Personal Information Activities: Board of Examiners staff (Univ. of Chicago), Educational Advisor to gov’ts of Israel, India, & others, created International Assoc. for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, Interests: Educational environment, differences among students, what students experience/think about during teaching Favorite Quote: “Goal attainment rather than student comparison [is] what [is] important.” –Elliot Eisner (student of Bloom’s) Favorite Mentor: Ralph W. Tyler (Board of Examiner’s office) Favorite Theory “Cognitive taxonomy is predicated on the idea that cognitive operations can be ordered into six increasingly complex levels.” Favorite Books:Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook I, the cognitive domain Information Networks: University of Chicago Birthday: February 21, 1913 Political: ??? Religion: ??? Hometown: Lansford, PA Benjamin Bloom is sure education is not a race. Wish everyone thought this, too! Photos 2 Albums Contact Information Revised Taxonomy Updated last Tuesday Address: University of Chicago Phone Number: (555) 555-5555 NEXT Taxonomy Updated 7 years ago

23. Wall Photos Flair Boxes Benjamin Bloom Logout Benjamin Bloom is sure education is not a race. Wish everyone thought this, too! Wall Info Photos Boxes Photos of Benjamin 2 Photos facebook Benjamin’s Albums NEXT Profile Pictures 1 photo

24. My Published Works • 1948. Teaching by discussion. Chicago, IL, College of the University of Chicago. (With J. Axelrod et al.) • 1956a. Methods in personality assessment. Glencoe, IL, Free Press. (With G.G. Stern and M.I. Stein.) • 1956b. Taxonomy of educational objectives: Handbook I, The cognitive domain. New York, David McKay &Co. (With D. Krathwohl et al.) • 1958a. Evaluation in secondary schools. New Delhi, All India Council for Secondary Education, • 1958b. Problem-solving processes of college students. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press. • 1961a. Evaluation in higher education. New Delhi, University Grants Commission. • 1961b. Use of academic prediction scales for counseling and selecting college entrants. Glencoe, IL, Free Press.(With F. Peters). • 1964a. Stability and change in human characteristics. New York, John Wiley & Sons. • 1964b. Taxonomy of educational obectives: Volume II, The affective domain. New York, David McKay & Co.(With B. Masia and D. Krathwohl.) • 1965. Compensatory education for cultural deprivation. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston. (With A. Davisand R. Hess.) • 1966. International study of achievement in mathematics: a comparison of twelve countries. Vols I & II. New York, John Wiley & Sons. (T. Husén, Editor; B. Bloom, Associate Editor.) • 1971. Handbook on formative and summative evaluation of student learning. New York, McGraw-Hill. (WithJ.T. Hastings, G.F. Madaus and others.) • 1976. Human characteristics and school learning. New York, McGraw-Hill. • 1980. The state of research on selected alterable variables in education. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago,MESA Publication. (With MESA Student Group.) • 1980. All our children learning: a primer for parents, teachers, and other educators. New York, McGraw-Hill. • 1981. Evaluation to improve learning. New York, McGraw-Hill. (With G.F. Madaus and J.T. Hastings.) • 1985. Developing talent in young people. New York, Ballantine. (With L.A. Sosniak et al.) • 1993. The home environment and social learning. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. (With T. Kellaghan, K. Sloane,and B. Alvarez.) Return to Exhibit

25. The National Defense Education Act of 1958 Titles I - X Next slide

26. Overview • By 1958 the Soviet threat grew more immediate; the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik in late 1957, suggesting the capability to launch offensive missiles at the United States. For the first time in the decade, the president recommended deferring plans for school construction in favor of support for the sciences. The National Defense Education Act provided $887 million over four years for education that could support national security goals—especially training scientists. The act contained ten titles designed to improve the nation's schools: Next Slide

27. Title I • Title I prohibited federal control over curriculum, administration, or personnel Next Slide

28. Title II • Title II provided federal assistance for low-interest loans to college students ($295 million) • These students must need the financial assistance, are predicted to perform well, and are already accepted at a university • Those able to receive this assistance must possess a superior academic background and • Express a desire to teach elementary or secondary education • Or have a superior performance in science, mathematics, engineering, or a modern foreign language Next Slide

29. Title III • Title III provided financial assistance for science, mathematics, and modern foreign-language instruction ($300 million) • This funding mainly equipment and/or remodeling in schools Next Slide

30. Title IV • Title IV created National Defense Fellowships for students entering teaching fields at universities or colleges • Provided scholarships for graduate students intending to teach higher education Next Slide

31. Title V • Title V established grants for state educational agencies for guidance testing services ($88 million) • Funded program to test students in secondary schools to identify those with high aptitude • Funded guidance departments to advise students on courses of studies best suited to their abilities – steer into college Next Slide

32. Title VI • Title VI provided support for modern language programs ($15.25 million) • Funded contracts for modern language teachers in higher education • Funded training and travel • Allotted money to institutions for teacher preparation programs in modern foreign language Next Slide

33. Title VII • Title VII provided for research and experimentation in effective uses for television, radio, and other audiovisual mediums for educational purposes ($18 million) • Funded the training and integration of media in the classroom Next Slide

34. Title VIII • Title VIII authorized grants for occupations necessary for the national defense ($60 million) • It “beefed up” vocational education in the needed fields of science and technology Next Slide

35. Title IX • Title IX provided for the Science Information Service in the National Service Foundation • Created the Science Information Service council as part of the National Science Foundation – six members that oversee the Act and its parts Next slide

36. Title X • Title X authorized federal grants for improvement grants for improvement of statistical services for state educational agencies • Miscellaneous section that included further logistics of the Act Return to exhibit

37. Wall Photos Flair Boxes Creativity and Intelligence Logout Wall Info Photos Boxes Write something… Share facebook Creativity and Intelligence Authors Jacob W. Getzels and Philip W. Jackson are leading figures in the study of the relationship between creativity and intelligence! Send AUTHORS a message Poke message Philip Jackson [Our] book challenge[s] accepted theory in its recognition of the role of creativity and personal values in the development of intelligence and broadened methods of testing intelligence in schools. Information Networks: University of Chicago Birthday: 1962 Political: ??? Religion: ??? Hometown: Chicago, IL Paul Torrance At one fell stroke, their study did much to expand concepts of giftedness… to stimulate unprecedented interest in the development of creative talent in education. Creativity and Intelligence Book signing at Michigan Avenue Barnes & Noble this Saturday! Fans Return to Exhibit Torrance Getzels Jackson

38. Calvin TaylorThe Taylor Multiple-Talent Totem Pole Model • Not all gifted individuals excel in same talents • Found that typical IQ tests measure on a small portion of talents • Provided a theoretical and research base for the program Talents Unlimited NEXT

39. The Taylor Multiple-Talent Totem Pole Model • Academic Ability • Creativity • Planning • Communicating • Forecasting • Decision Making NEXT

40. Kough Recognizes Multiple Areas of Talent to Be Developed • Scientific ability • Leadership ability • Creative ability • Artistic Talent • Writing Talent • Dramatic Talent • Music Talent • Mechanical Skills • Physical Skills Return to Exhibit