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‘Father of the Constitution’

‘Father of the Constitution’. James Madison. Also known as the face on the $5000 bill (fun fact of the day!) . Abby Bilenkin, Nicholas Cooper, Phoebe Lai, Angela Wang. ART THOU MAD, SON?. Life before presidency. Born: March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia

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‘Father of the Constitution’

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  1. ‘Father of the Constitution’ James Madison Also known as the face on the $5000 bill (fun fact of the day!) Abby Bilenkin, Nicholas Cooper, Phoebe Lai, Angela Wang

  2. ART THOU MAD, SON?

  3. Life before presidency • Born: March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia • Education: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University, graduated 1771) • Marriage: September 15, 1794, to Dolley Payne Todd • No children (one raised from Dolley’s first marriage) Dolley Payne

  4. Early Political Career Const. Conv.: • Authored VA Plan • Persuaded VA to give up their NW territory to Congress • Drafted Constitution (AKA Father of Constitution) Began politics in VA State Legislature in order to reform & help the people Worked with Madison to draft VA’s Statute of Religious Freedom 1776 1778 1784 1787 1789→ 1793 1800→ with GW until policies aligned w/ Federalists. Jefferson President, Madison Secretary of State VA House of Delegates VA Convention Responsible for Constitutional Convention w/ Jefferson→ Democrat-Republicans VA Council of State

  5. Presidential Career • Presidential Terms: 4th President of the United States (1809–1813; 1813-1817) • Political Affiliation: Democratic-Republican • Died: June 28, 1836, Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia

  6. 1st Election: 1808 Ran with: George Clinton as VP (supported for Jefferson) for the Republicans Against: Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of the Federalist Party with Rufus King as VP Won with a 122 to 47 electoral vote George Clinton Charles Pinckney

  7. Issues: Shaky pre-term Foreign Relations • French vs Brits: US caught in crossfire • Impressment: British forced/enslaved US merchants to join British navy • Chesapeake-Leopard Incident (June 22, 1807) • British warship Leopard fired at US frigate Chesapeake, looking for Brit. Navy deserters • US captain of Chesapeake surrenders & Brits take 4 U.S men hostage • UPROAR! Partly responsible for Madison’s decision to declare War of 1812 British warship Leopard fires at US frigate Chesapeake

  8. Shaky Pre-term Foreign Policies • Jefferson’s Embargo act: prevented U.S ships from trading overseas → economic depression • Replaced by 1809 Non-Intercourse Act just before Madison’s term (allowed ships to trade everywhere but France and England) • Offered to continue trade if Britain & France respected US neutrality...they didn’t. • Madison’s attempt: Macon’s Bill # 2…(next slide)

  9. 1st term Issue (1808): Foreign Trade • Madison signed Macon’s Bill #2 (1810): removed all France & Brit. trade restrictions as long as they respected neutrality • Looked good on paper; Napoleon claimed to respect neutrality...but he lied. • Repealed his naval blockade on Britain so he could use US ships instead • This would end neutrality • Macon’s Bill #2 didn’t work...and ultimately couldn’t prevent war

  10. Re-election of 1812 • Ran against DeWitt Clinton and Jared Ingersoll • VP: Elbridge Gerry • Won with a 128 to 89 electoral vote total, and won all Southern States Jared Ingersoll DeWitt Clinton Elbridge Gerry

  11. 2nd term issues: War Hawks • War Hawks = Western congressmen eager for land • demanded US to declare war on GB, expel Spanish from Florida, invade Canada • Madison yields to War Hawks - US declares war • Ended in disaster: War Hawk’s quick move to attack Canada ended in surrender & most NW territory falls to British

  12. 2nd Term Issue - British Offense +Capture of Capital • 1814: After defeating Napoleon, Brits go offensive • Brit ships raided ports from Georgia to Maine • Stopped only in Baltimore: Brits couldn’t blast past Fort McHenry • DC captured and burned by Brits in 1814 • Although Madison vowed to rebuild capital, attack was a heavy blow to US

  13. 2nd Term Issue: End of the War of 1812 • Ratification of Treaty of Ghent ended war, brought back pre-war status quo • Began Era of Good Feelings - less fighting between parties, more patriotism • Although Americans suffered many losses during war, treaty outcome was relatively favorable for them Treaty of Ghent

  14. 2nd Term Issue: Rechartering Bank of US • Hamilton’s 1st Bank charter expired in 1811 after 20 years • As Republican, Madison opposed 1st Bank (creation of national banks not in Bill of Rights) • Felt no need to renew 1st Bank but to recharter (opposed by conservatives & state bankers) • No bank = BAD NEWS: US in massive debt after War of 1812 • To deal with debt, private banks issue paper banknotes → major inflation • 1816: Madison learns he needs one, and recharters the Bank! • Overall: Madison’s delay of the bank recharter took a long time to solve problems but successfully implement 2nd Bank of US

  15. Wise Words “Philosophy is common sense with big words” -James Madison = +

  16. Works Cited Kelly, Martin. "James Madison-4th President of the United States." About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. "James Madison." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. "Miller Center." American President: James Madison: Domestic Affairs. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. "War of 1812." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013 "War of 1812 Evaluation." War of 1812 Evaluation. The National Society United State Daughters, 29 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2013.

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