Training for Urban Operations: Tactical Movement “ MOUT” Military Operations on Urban Terrain

1. BY: CDT SEAN WILL Training for Urban Operations: Tactical Movement“MOUT”Military Operations on Urban Terrain

2. Moving as a member of a fire team • Fire team formations describe the relationship of the soldiers in the fire team to each other. • Standard fire team formations are the: - Wedge - Modified Wedge - Diamond - File

3. Moving as a member of a fire team: Wedge • Fire team wedge is the basic fire team formation it: • Is easy to control • Is flexible • Allows immediate fires in all directions • Offers all-round local security

4. Moving as a member of a fire team: Modified Wedge • When rough terrain, poor visibility, or other factors reduce control of the wedge formation, the sides are closed up to almost a single file. When moving in less rugged terrain and control becomes easier, resume your original positions. The modified wedge is also used for extended periods when traveling on roads or trails • The Modified Wedge 1. Is easier to control in reduced visibility or rough terrain than are other formations. 2. Offers less flank security than a wedge, but more than a file. 3. Masks fires initially to the front and rear for the majority of the team.

5. Moving as a member of a fire team: Modified Wedge Modified Wedge Wedge

6. Moving as a member of a fire team: Diamond • Fire team diamond: This formation is a variation of the wedge. It is most often used when the fire team is operating alone or is the lead security element (point) for a column or file. The fire team diamond has the same characteristics as a wedge except it – (1) Has reduced frontage. (2) Allows increased security to the rear. (3) Allows immediate fires in all directions, although one Soldier's fires are always masked.

7. Moving as a member of a fire team: Diamond Wedge Diamond

8. Moving as a member of a fire team: File • Fire team file: When the fire team is not using a wedge or diamond formation, it uses the file. The file – (1) Provides maximum control. (2) Provides minimum frontage. It is the easiest formation to use in close terrain or vegetation. (3) Facilitates speed of movement. (4) Is less flexible than the wedge or diamond. (5) Provides immediate fires to flanks, but masks most soldier's fires to the front and rear.

9. Moving as a member of a fire team: File Wedge File

10. Moving as a member of a fire team • The distances between Soldiers in the formation depend on the terrain, visibility, and control factors. The normal interval in daylight is about 10 meters. Formations should not be held rigid, but should vary based on METT-TC. a. The interval is increased in open terrain. b. The interval is decreased when underbrush, terrain, darkness, smoke, or dense fog limits visibility. c. The normal interval is resumed as soon as conditions permit.

11. Moving as a member of a fire team: RC Evaluation

12. Establish SOP H&A signaland simulation

13. Unit Movement to MOUT Course: Squad Traveling • Movement used to the MOUT course will be Squad traveling. • Squad traveling is used when enemy contact is not likely and speed is needed. CHARACTERISTICS OF SQUAD TRAVELING Control: MORE Dispersion: LESS Speed: FASTEST Security: LEAST

14. Unit Movement to MOUT Course: Squad Traveling • Concept of Squad traveling: Lead fire team is in a wedge formation with TL as pointman. Approximately 20m. behind the lead team is the SL directly in line with his ATL. Approximately 20m. Behind him is the trail fire team in a wedge formation with BTL pointmanfor their wedge.

15. Unit Movement to MOUT Course: Squad Traveling

16. END Unit Movement to MOUT course: Squad traveling 1301 SQD 2 1303 1302 Flag Pole 1304 HG PIT 1307 1305 1306 SQD 1 HG PIT start SQD 1 & 2 North

17. Unit Movement in MOUT course: Bounding Overwatch • Movement technique used in the MOUT area will be Bounding overwatch. • Bounding overwatch is used when enemy contact is expected or most likely. CHARACTERISTICS OF BOUNDING OVERWATCH Control: MOST Dispersion: MOST Speed: SLOWEST Security: MOST

18. Unit Movement in MOUT course: Bounding Overwatch • CONCEPT of Bounding overwatch: When two teams move into enemy territory the fire teams can move in support of each other just as team members cover each other. When moving together in hostile territory the teams use the Bounding Overwatch method to make a controlled and well defended advance.

19. Unit Movement in MOUT course: Bounding Overwatch • Concept of Bounding overwatch: The lead fire team overwatches first. Soldiers in the overwatch team scan for enemy positions. The trail fire team bounds and signals the overwatch team when set. Once set they are prepared to overwatch the movement of the other team.

20. Unit Movement in MOUT course: Bounding Overwatch Important to note that it is likely during the MOUT course we will be traveling two separate lanes as a squad. Therefore within the 5 man fire teams there will be a watching element and a bounding element. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=finTWBdvO1g Urban simulation

21. END Unit Movement in MOUT course: Bounding Overwatch 1301 SQD 2 1303 1302 Flag Pole 1304 HG PIT 1307 1305 1306 SQD 1 HG PIT start SQD 1 & 2 North

22. Movement techniques during urban operation • The individual, fire team, and squad movement techniques within urban terrain differ slightly from the basic movements used in normal field operations. Several movement techniques take on added importance during combat in urban terrain due to the nature of the battle area. • In urban terrain, the individual Soldier and leaders are confronted with different types of obstacles that they must negotiate to eliminate or capture an enemy position. Street-to-street and house-to-house fighting give rise to many surprising situations, so alertness and all-round security are mandatory. The enemy might appear not only from the front, flanks, and rear, but also from above and below.

23. Movement techniques during urban operation • General rules of movement: • Take care to avoid silhouetting yourself in doors or windows, or on rooftops. • Avoid open areas (streets, alleys, and parks) • Make a visual reconnaissance of the next position before moving. • Conceal movement with smoke or covering fires, and by using buildings, rubble, and vegetation. • Always move rapidly from one position to another. • Stay alert and expect the unexpected.

24. Movement techniques during urban operation: Corners • Corners are hazardous to untrained Soldiers who fail to remain alert. The most common three mistakes untrained Soldiers make are— • Failure to recognize the danger area. • Extension of their weapon beyond the corner, which exposes their presence. • Showing their heads at a height that the enemy soldier would expect to see them.

25. Movement techniques during urban operation: Corners • Observe around corners: • Lie flat on the ground, weapon at your side, then move forward slowly, ensuring that your weapon is not forward of the corner. • Expose your head slowly at ground level so that it appears to be a shadow. Expose your head only enough to observe around the corner

26. Movement techniques during urban operation: Corners

27. END Movement techniques during urban operations: Corners 1301 SQD 2 1303 1302 Flag Pole 1304 HG PIT 1307 1305 1306 SQD 1 HG PIT start SQD 1 & 2 North

28. Movement techniques during urban operation: Open areas • Move across open areas: Avoid these areas, such as streets, alleys, and parks, when possible, because they are natural kill zones for enemy crew-served weapons. If you must cross an open area, reduce your risk by taking the following basic precautions: • Make a visual reconnaissance of the area and position. • Select a route that has some cover or concealment. If none is available, use smoke or covering fire provided by the rest of the element. • Move by the most direct route to the selected position to reduce the time of exposure to enemy fire. Also, moving rapidly denies the enemy the chance to place well aimed shots. • Move from position to position without masking covering fires. When you reach your next position, be ready to cover the movement of other members of your fire team or squad.

29. Movement techniques during urban operation: Open areas • When two or more soldier must move at the same time to another position – • The group must prepare to position themselves to move to the next position. • On a planned signal, the group moves across the open area to the next position at the same time. They move about 5 meters apart

30. Movement techniques during urban operation: Open areas

31. END Movement techniques during urban operations: Open Areas 1301 SQD 2 1303 1302 Flag Pole 1304 HG PIT 1307 1305 1306 SQD 1 HG PIT start SQD 1 & 2 North

32. Movement techniques during urban operation: Buildings • Move parallel to buildings: Move along the wall as closely as possible to deny an enemy soldier inside the building the chance to fire at you. • Use all available cover and concealment, move with a low silhouette, and advance rapidly from position to position. If you have smoke, use it. • When possible, move into the shadows, which will help conceal your movement

33. Movement techniques during urban operation: Buildings How to move past windows? First floor window Basement window

34. Movement techniques during urban operations: Windows END 1301 SQD 2 1303 1302 Flag Pole 1304 HG PIT 1307 1305 1306 SQD 1 HG PIT start SQD 1 & 2 North

35. Movement techniques during urban operation: Obstacles • Crossing obstacles (walls, fences, and rooftops): Walls and fences • Before crossing a wall or fence, look at and beyond it for booby traps, enemy positions, and covered or concealed positions. • Move rapidly to the obstacle and roll quickly over it, keeping the lowest silhouette possible. Speed and a low silhouette deny the enemy a well aimed shot. • Move rapidly to the nearest position while maintaining a low silhouette, with your weapon at the ready position.

36. Movement techniques during urban operation: RC Eval

37. IF WE HAVE EXTRA TIME • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzbr6fPDmkE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfdY0NMDqYQ&feature=related