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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. Function. Working with nervous system, endocrine system coordinates and directs activity of body’s cells Uses chemical messengers called hormones to regulate and maintain body’s homeostasis. Major Organs. Pineal Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. Function • Working with nervous system, endocrine system coordinates and directs activity of body’s cells • Uses chemical messengers called hormonesto regulate and maintain body’s homeostasis

  3. Major Organs • Pineal • Hypothalamus • Pituitary • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Thymus • Adrenal • Pancreas • Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)

  4. Pineal Gland • Found in epithalamus in brain • Hormone: Melatonin • Representative Actions: Involved in sleep/wake patterns (daily and seasonal) • Regulated By: Light/dark cycles

  5. Hypothalamus • Part of brain that controls pituitary gland • Hormones released by posterior pituitary; releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate anterior pituitary

  6. Pituitary Gland: Posterior Lobe • Hormone: Oxytocin • Representative Actions: Stimulated contraction of uterus and milk “letdown” reflex • Regulated By: Nervous system (hypothalamus) in response to uterine stretching and/or suckling of baby

  7. Pituitary Gland: Posterior Lobe • Hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • Representative Actions: Promotes retention of water by kidneys • Regulated By: Hypothalamus in response to water/salt imbalance

  8. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Growth hormone (GH) • Representative Actions: Stimulated growth (especially of bones and muscles) and metabolism • Regulated By: Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones

  9. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Prolactin (PRL) • Representative Actions: Stimulates milk production • Regulated By: Hypothalamic hormones

  10. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Representative Actions: Stimulates production of ova and sperm • Regulated By: Hypothalamic hormones

  11. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Luteinizing hormone (LH) • Representative Actions: Stimulates ovaries and testes • Regulated By: Hypothalamic hormones

  12. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) • Representative Actions: Stimulates thyroid gland • Regulated By: Thyroxine in blood; hypothalamic hormones

  13. Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe • Hormone: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Representative Actions: Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids • Regulated By: Glucocorticoids; hypothalamic hormones

  14. Thyroid Gland • Hormone: Thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3) • Representative Actions: Stimulates metabolism • Regulated By: TSH

  15. Thyroid Gland • Hormone: Calcitonin • Representative Actions: Reduces blood calcium level • Regulated By: Calcium level in blood

  16. Parathyroid Glands • Hormone: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) • Representative Actions: Raises blood calcium level • Regulated By: Calcium level in blood

  17. Thymus • Hormone: Thymosin • Representative Actions: “Programs” T cells • Regulated By: Not known

  18. Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Medulla • Hormone: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine • Representative Actions: Increase blood glucose; increase rate of metabolism; constrict certain blood vessels • Regulated By: Nervous system (sympathetic division)

  19. Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Cortex • Hormone: Glucocorticoids • Representative Actions: Increase blood glucose • Regulated By: ACTH

  20. Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Cortex • Hormone: Mineralocorticoids • Representative Actions: Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys • Regulated By: Changes in blood volume or blood pressure; K+ or Na+ levels in blood

  21. Pancreas • Hormone: Insulin • Representative Actions: Reduces blood glucose • Regulated By: Glucose level in blood

  22. Pancreas • Hormone: Glucagon • Representative Actions: Raises blood glucose • Regulated By: Glucose level in blood

  23. Gonads: Testes • Hormone: Androgens • Representative Actions: Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics • Regulated By: FSH and LH

  24. Gonads: Ovaries • Hormone: Estrogens • Representative Actions: Stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics • Regulated By: FSH and LH

  25. Gonads: Ovaries • Hormone: Progesterone • Representative Actions: Promotes growth of uterine lining • Regulated By: FSH and LH

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