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Perfect Tense Verbs & Principal Parts

Perfect Tense Verbs & Principal Parts. Ecce Romani Ch. 19 & 20 PERFECT TENSE - a COMPLETED action that happened in the PAST. Compare the following Examples: Present Caupo mussat . The innkeeper mutters . Imperfect Caupo mussabat . The innkeeper was muttering. Perfect

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Perfect Tense Verbs & Principal Parts

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  1. Perfect Tense Verbs & Principal Parts Ecce Romani Ch. 19 & 20 PERFECT TENSE - aCOMPLETED action that happened in the PAST.

  2. Compare the following Examples: • Present Caupomussat. The innkeeper mutters. • Imperfect Caupomussabat. The innkeeper was muttering. • Perfect Caupomussavit. The inkeepermuttered. PERFECT TENSE - COMPLETED action that happened in the PAST.

  3. PERFECT TENSE TRANSLATIONS • -ed- most common, but can be a challenge with irregular verbs in English. • has / have –ed • did – used mostly in questions, but can be easier in English than the “-ed”.

  4. PERFECT TENSE ENDINGS

  5. Perfect Tense Signs • Most perfect tense verb stems end in the letters –x, -l, -s, -u, or –v. • Use this mnemonic device to remember them: “X-traLong S.U.V.” Ex. from this chapter:

  6. Perfect Tense Signs • Most perfect tense verb stems end in the letters –x, -l, -s, -u, or –v. • Use this mnemonic device to remember them: “X-traLong S.U.V.” Ex. from this chapter:

  7. “No Tense Sign” Verbs • These stems and endings look like in the present tense, but have a lengthened vowel (vowel with a macron) BEFORE the endings. Ex. Etiam Marcus advenit. (present) Marcus also arrives. Etiam Marcus advēnit. (perfect) Marcus also arrived. N.B. Your book resources will not always give the macron – translate according to context!

  8. PRINCIPAL PARTS • All VERBS have 4 main parts called PRINCIPLE PARTS. • These are the words provided in the dictionary entry. They are listed in the same order by which we refer to them: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th. Ex. Amo, amare, amavi, amatus

  9. Principal Parts – titles & translations

  10. REVIEW: The 2ndPrincipal part tells us the conjugation of the verb: Conjugation 1st P.P., 2nd P.P. • 1st Conjugation • 2nd Conjugation • 3rd Conjugation • 3rd –io • 4th Conjugation • -o, -are • -eo, -ere (“strong”, sometimes w/macron) • -o, -ere (“weak”, no macron) • -io, -ere • -io, -ire

  11. PERFECT STEM • This is the part of the verb that will contain an “X-tra Long S.U.V.” stem change, if there is one. • Find the perfect stem by dropping the –I ending from the 3rd Principle Part. • This is the stem we use to conjugate verbs in the Perfect Tense.

  12. Principal Part Patterns • It’s easy to recognize verbs in the 1st, 2nd and 4th principal parts: • 1st - -o, -are, -avi, -atus • 2nd - -eo, -ere, -ui, -itus • 4th- -io, -ire, -ivi, -itus • 3rd Conjugation verbs are less predictable. • They most commonly use the –x, -l and –s stem changes. • We just have to memorize / look them up as needed.

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