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Impaired driving can be prevented

Impaired driving can be prevented. Impaired driving kills > 16,000 and injures nearly 305,000 others every year. Every 32 minutes, someone in the United States dies in an impaired driving crash Every 2 minutes, someone is injured. Sobriety Check Points to reduce alcohol related crashes.

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Impaired driving can be prevented

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  1. Impaired driving can be prevented • Impaired driving kills > 16,000 and injures nearly 305,000 others every year. • Every 32 minutes, someone in the United States dies in an impaired driving crash • Every 2 minutes, someone is injured

  2. Sobriety Check Points to reduce alcohol related crashes Public Expenditure Analysis, Spring 2006 Ruth Salcedo Yolanda Martínez Jinxiang Liu

  3. Sobriety Check Points to reduce alcohol related crashes • What are the costs? • What are the benefits? • How sensitive are our estimates?

  4. Characteristics of the project • Number of checkpoints 156 per year (3 per week): Small scale 8 officers • Large scale 12 officers • Checkpoints are conducted at non work hours • Time spent per intervention : 5 minutes

  5. Costs • Personnel • Equipment • Time spent by drivers • Time spent by passengers • Mobility Loss • Trials • Publicity

  6. Personnel costs per checkpoint • Hours per officer per checkpoint : 11.5 • Police wages and fringe (annual salary = 50,000) : $ 39.06 • Overhead factor (1.5) : $ 58.59 Small scale : $ 5,391 Large scale : $ 8,086

  7. Equipment costs per checkpoint • Equipment (5 year) • Vehicle or trailer • Equipment (1 year) • Traffic vests • Traffic cones • Flares • Breath testing devices • Flashlights with chargers • “Sobriety Checkpoint Ahead” sign • “Be Prepared To Stop” sign Small scale: $ 67 Large scale: $ 82 • Mini-cades • Brooms and shovels • Trash cans • Portable generator • Extension cords • Multi-directional portable lighting

  8. Mobility loss per checkpoint

  9. Costs of Time Delay • Time value per driver : 90% of wage • Time value per passenger : 67.5% of wage • Vehicle occupancy rate : 1.5 people • Hourly earnings : $ 16.32 • Vehicles will be intervened per checkpoint 240 in Small Scale 384 in Large Scale • % intervened drivers charged with DUI 1% Small scale : $ 514 Large scale : $ 823

  10. Other costs • Cost per trials Small scale : $ 864 Large scale : $ 1,382 • Publicity statewide: $ 300,000

  11. Total Costs

  12. Crashes Density per County

  13. Crashes Density per County

  14. Other scenario

  15. 2. Benefit Analysis 2.1 Introduction and Summary of Findings 2.2 Economic Cost of alcohol-related crashes in PA in 2004 • 2.2.1 Methodology used in economic cost calculation • 2.2.2 Estimate alcohol-related crashes in PA in 2004 2.3 Benefit of checkpoint program • 2.3.1 Our Detailed Methodology • 2.3.2 Our calculation and findings

  16. 2.2.1 Findings: alcohol-related crashes in PA in 2004 Go NPV

  17. 2.2.1 Methodology used in economic cost calculation • The crashes can be classified into three groups: • Fatalities • Non-fatal injuries • Property-Damage Only (PDO) • Economic cost has five major components • Medical care cost • Public program cost • Property cost • Future earnings • Quality of life

  18. One example

  19. The economic cost of alcohol-related crashes in PA in 2004

  20. A survey • If you are fond of swimming, do you agree the policy of banning swimming because swimming could lead to death? • No! • Absolutely No! • I will be very unhappy if I cannot swim. • I know I could be drown if I swim. • But I value the benefit of swimming higher than potential cost (death) • If you ban swim to save my life, I’m not willing to take that. • I hate this policy.

  21. Expected Benefits: Saved time Saved cost for hotel, car rent Mental experience Expected Cost: Various cost due to fatal/nonfatal/PDO crashes So is the alcohol-related crash policy • People make their traffic safety decisions by comparing their private benefits with their private costs. • They value the drive during drinking more than the risks of having a crash. • Private life-saving benefits for drunken drivers are at least offset by private costs

  22. The majority of alcohol-related crashes involve one car: the car with drunk drivers Most of crashes are intoxicated drivers having single-vehicle crashes and intoxicated pedestrians straying into traffic. The proportion of the sober driver, the passenger with sober driver and sober nonoccupant among the total fatalities is low 2004: 14.3% 2003: 13.7%; 2001: 11.5; 1996: 11.7%; 1993: 14.5 %; So * 15%

  23. Benefit of Checkpoint program in PA in 2004 Comparison

  24. NPV • The costs in each future years are constant • The estimated number of fatalities in alcohol-related crashes remained essentially unchanged in recent years. • Persons Injured per year is also stable • The unit cost is calculated by bringing future value back. • We use 4% discount rate, from year 2007 to year 2020,(10,296 checkpoint, 20%)

  25. In a state wide checkpoint program, the benefits outweigh the costs  

  26. Our analysis used a weighted average reduction rate

  27. A 4% discount rate ensures consistency with our literature review • Cost and benefits of a community checkpoint program (Miller, Ted. 1995) Composing costs calculation used a discount rate of 4% • The Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2000. U.S. DOT “This rate was selected because most long-term cumulative rates of return on stocks cluster around that number. Investors appear to prefer the higher, riskier returns from stocks to the more conservative Treasury Bills by a significant margin”

  28. Investing in statewide checkpoint program • Checkpoints have proved to be efficient in reducing Alcohol related crashes • The program can be implemented in partnership with insurance companies. 19% Decrease Of single vehicle injury crashes involving male drivers ages 21 to 40 British Columbia (July to December 1995) Reduction in crash costs for the insurer supporting the program was estimated to be 3.4 times greater than the costs of the program

  29. Q & A

  30. Appendix: Equipment sample Portable breath testing devices $115.00 USD Reflective safety traffic vests High-Visibility Sweatshirt $50.00 USD Rechargeable flashlights $18.00 USD Razor-back shovel $20 USD

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