Outside the factory: revolutionary changes during the iNdustrial age

1. suffrage temperance Medical Advances Sidewalks, Sewers, & Skyscrapers Outside the factory: revolutionary changes during the iNdustrial age Public education The Rise of Cities: chapter 9.1

2. Industrial Age breakthroughs… Medicine contributes to the population explosion!

3. Medicine Contributes to the Population Explosion • 1870: proved the germ theory – linking microbes and disease • Other accomplishments included the development of vaccines against rabies and anthrax • Discovered a process to kill microbes in milk aka pasteurization Medical Advances: Louis Pasteur

4. Other key discoveries… • 1880s, the German doctor Robert Koch identified the bacterium that caused TB. • By 1914, yellow fever and malaria had been traced to mosquitos.

5. Hospital care improves! Early 1840s: anesthesia was first used to relieve pain during surgery. Florence Nightengale founded the world’s first school of nursing. English surgeon, Joseph Lister, discovered antiseptic. Insisted surgeons sterilize their instruments and wash their hands before operating. Infections rapidly drop.

6. People lived better livesand longer ones, too!!!!! • As people better understood how germs caused disease, they bathed and changed their clothes more often. • In European cities, better hygiene helped decrease the rate of disease.

7. City Life Changes

8. Sidewalks, Sewers, Skyscrapers! • Paved streets • First gas lamps, then electric street lights • Organized police forces and expanded fire protection Early 20th century hero: Your teacher’s great-grandfather

9. Police Hero: Abner Braun • Patrolman Braun was shot and killed during a vehicle pursuit. He was assigned to the Motorcycle Patrol at the time and had chased two Baltimore men in a stolen car into Pennsylvania when he was shot and killed. Officer Braun and his family were very popular in the city of Trenton. He was married to Anna Bossman in 1906 and was appointed to the Trenton police force on October 25, 1907 as a Patrol Driver. In March 1910, he was commended in newspapers for saving the life of a boy from a runaway horse by jumping onto the horse in the middle of Hamilton Street, Trenton. On March 1, 1912, he was promoted to Patrolman. About a year later he was assigned to motorcycle duty.Over the years, the Trenton newspapers chronicled the birth of his children, his fraternal associations, police exploits and family life. In 1912, he was a member of the Improved Order of Red Men. In September 1913, he took a two-week vacation to Washington, D.C. and met President Wilson and other "big guns."In December 1913, the Trenton Times did a feature story on Braun and his small farm; "He has an acre of ground and from it, with only his spare time for cultivation purposes, he gathers some surprising crops. Devoting his attention principally to chickens and small vegatables, the policeman makes a tidy sum each month from the sales of his poultry, eggs and garden truck. Just at present, he is gathering a splendid crop of celery. Earlier in the season he harvested other vegatable crops and as soon as the celery is out of the way he will prepare the soil for use again next spring." Braun lived at 1547 South Clinton Avenue with his one acre lot at the corner of Clinton and Stanton Streets. I The day before his death, Braun was one of two motorcycle policeman who went ahead to clear the streets for the parade of returning soldiers. The events surrounding his death began in Baltimore, where Thomas Leonard Murphy, 20, and Henry A. Rick, 24, spent a day cracking a safe and stealing $100. They also stole an automobile. Before leaving the city, they went and got a haircut at the barber shop of Louis Laponzina, 1009 Greenmount Avenue. There, they talked about going to visit Atlantic City and other New Jersey towns. Laponzina asked that they deliver a message to a Trentonian barber Alphonse Pone and the two agreed.From there, they went riding around Trenton, New Jersey trying to sell the car, a Stutz automobile, Maryland plate no. 20,128.

10. Movin’ on up! • Beneath the streets, sewage systems made cities much healthier places to live. • By 1900, architects were using steel to construct buildings. - American architects like Louis Sullivan pioneered the skyscraper. = apartment bldgs.

11. From one extreme to the other! • Slums remained a harsh reality.

12. The Working Class Advances… • Labor unions grow. • Workers formed mutual aid societies, self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers. • Men and women joined socialist parties. • By the late 1800s, most Western countries granted male suffrage. • Standards of living rise!

13. Electricity’s Impact! • Few technologies have transformed daily life as dramatically… • Improved productivity • made streets safer • fed more inventions

14. Changing attitudes & values…

15. A New Social Order • Three social classes emerge • Wealthy upper class • Growing middle class • Lower class • Women • “the cult of domesticity” – ideal women were seen as tender, self-sacrificing caregivers who provided a nest for her children & a peaceful refuge for her husband.

16. More changes. Women work for rights Public Education • Campaigned for suffrage – 1919 • Supported the temperance campaign • By the late 1800s more and more kids attended school. – Middle class could afford to send their sons! • Teachers received specialized training. • Colleges and universities expanded.

17. Science Takes New Directions! Atomic Theory Develops Social Darwinism • Atoms studied • Foundations laid for modern periodic table • Application of the “survival of the fittest” to war and economic competition • Industrial tycoons seen as more “fit” than those they put out of business. • War brought progress by weeding out weak nations. • Encouraged racism

18. Religion and art… Churches & synagoges at the center of their communities. Arts • Many Protestant churches backed the “Social Gospel” a movement that urged Christians to social service. • Campaigned for reforms in housing, healthcare, and education. • Realism • Romanticism • Literature • Charles Dickens • Victor Hugo

19. The 20th century is well underway! What’s next? I M P E R I A L I S M No doubt about it: We have entered the modern age!