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EUROTRANS WP1.5 Safety Meeting Lyon, October 10 - 11 th 2006 Design of the EFIT-MgO/Pb Core

EUROTRANS WP1.5 Safety Meeting Lyon, October 10 - 11 th 2006 Design of the EFIT-MgO/Pb Core and Fuel Assemblies Carlo Artioli, Massimo Sarotto Italian Agency for new Technologies, Energy and Environment, Advanced Physics Technology Division

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EUROTRANS WP1.5 Safety Meeting Lyon, October 10 - 11 th 2006 Design of the EFIT-MgO/Pb Core

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  1. EUROTRANS WP1.5 Safety Meeting Lyon, October 10 - 11th 2006 Design of the EFIT-MgO/Pb Core and Fuel Assemblies Carlo Artioli, Massimo Sarotto Italian Agency for new Technologies, Energy and Environment,Advanced Physics Technology Division Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy

  2. Objectives • Transmutation of MAs • ADS 300-400 MWth • High PD to fast MAs incineration Main Hypothesis • Lead coolant: T Inlet 400 °C – T Outlet 480°C • U-free CERCER Fuel: 50-65% MgO VF + 50-35% (Pu,MAO2) • Reactor Geometry, MgO VF & Fuel Enrichment E: • to satisfy: keff (t) ≤0,97 during the cycle E = FIS / ( FERT+ FIS ) FIS: PuO2-FERT : MAO2 (Am, Cm, Np) 2 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  3. Pu & MA Isotopic Compositions MOX spent Fuel after 30 years’ cooling ( CEA ) Pu Vector 3 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  4. FA Design Requirements • Hex FAs with wrapper • Pellet diameter as low as possible (high PD) • Linear power f(MgO VF & conductivity)  200 [W cm-1] • Max fuel operating Tmaxfuel = 1380 °C • Max cladding (SS, SA213T91 coated)Tmaxclad = 550 °C • Pb coolant velocity v  1 [m s-1] • Residence time = 3 years: Pb corrosion is the most restricting condition (in comparison to BUmax, DPAmax) 4 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  5. Fuel cycle hyphotesis For Pb corrosion (strongest requirement): • 3 years as max residence time • Refuelling of 1/3 core each year We consider the keff beh., the core performances … between [1,2] years and the BU results (w/o refuell.) at the 3rd year After the first 3 years: • Before refuelling the mean residence time is 2 years • After refuelling the mean residence time is 1 years 4a Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  6. Core Design Requirements (1/3) • Pth 300-400 MWth but the size optimization criteria should be: Min cost per kg of fissioned MAs Min cost per MW deployed cost / MWdeployed = f(core size, accelerator size) increases by increasing the power(also for the loose of φ*) decreases by increasing Pth Without sufficient information and data about the unitary costs, we assume the following semplified criterion: The largest size core acceptable within the currentspallation module design able to evacuate  11-12 MW. The corresponding proton accelerator is: 800 MeV, 15-20 mA (to be verified) Spallation module (19 hex FAs) fixes FA dimension (double apothem = 191 mm) 5 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  7. F u e l F u e l C o o l a n t Structural Pu+MA C o o l a n t Structural Matrix Pu+MA Matrix Core Design Requirements (2/3) • Flattening Technique (2 radial fuel zones) Fuel_Outer Fuel_Inner Target Rt DR1 DR2 Different MgO matrix contents (fabrication more expensive for supplementary line cleaning) Different Pin diameters (less efficient because in the outer zone the max coolant outlet Tisreached before reaching the max allowed linear power & PD) MgO VF OUT = 50% MgO VF IN = [60-65]% BREST Style 6 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  8. 0,16 0,6 13,63 mm 191 mm 186 Fuel Inner 60-65% MgO Fuel Outer 50% MgO 178 7,2 4,91 7,52 VF(Fuel Pellet) = 21,65% Filling r = 0,9167 8,72 Fuel Void SS Pb (750 °C) (480 °C) (440 °C) 168+1 Fuel Pins (7+1 pin rows) Inner & Outer FA Design 7 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  9. Core Design Requirements (3/3) • High Burn up of MAs: f (fuel E); Low cost: f (PD) • Limited keff (and I) variation during the cycle: f (fuel E) • To obtain keff (t)  const fuel E = 50% In 3 years (AveBU = 84,75 MWd / kg (HM) ) Pu & MAs mass variation Pu / Pu (BOC)  -2,4% -35,1 kg (MA) / TWh -5,9 kg (Pu) / TWh MA / MA (BOC)  -14,3% 8 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  10. Transmutation Performances • Avoid Pu burning (expensive in sub-critical reactors) • Avoid Pu Build Up (for public acceptability) • Since we always burn  42 kg (HM) per TWh the approach could be: f (fuel E = 45,7%) -42 kg (MA) / TWh 0 kg (Pu) / TWh Does not depend on Pth, DP … • The core design for this goal has to be compatible with: • the keff(t) variations (f (fuel E) ) during the cycle • the accelerator performances (800 MeV; 15–20 mA) 9 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  11. Calculation Tools & RZ Geometrical model Z [cm] - ERANOS 2.0 – JEFF2.2 library 1) Cell calculations by the ECCO code with 1968 energy groups (heterogeneous geometry description for the Fuel Cells) 2) Spatial calculations by the BISTRO RZ transport code (51 e. gr., RZ geometry with “equivalent” radii to hex geometry) - Fixed: 1) fuel E (= 45,7%) 2) Spallat. Target Rt= 43,7 cm ( 19 FAs) 3) AH = 90 cm 4) MgO VF in fuel Outer (50%) - Varying MgO VF in fuel IN (60, 62.5, 65 %):R = f(E) to obtain keff (t) ≤ 0.97R1 / R2 to exploit PDcore,max1,2 (equivalent with hexagonal rings) Pb_Ext Top_Assembly Beam line Plenum 15 Pb_Ext Fuel_Outer AH Fuel_Inner 45 Target Box Dummy Foot_Assembly Box_Ax_In Internal Lead DR1 DR2 R [cm] DRt DR 10 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  12. Keff(t) in 2 years with fuel E = 45,7% keff  550-600 pcm / year ( no matter the core size) 11 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  13. keff 2 2 average residence t [years] 0,97 keff  550-600 pcm / year 0,964 1 1 Refuelling of 1/3 core t [years] 4 5 3 Fuel Cycle (keff [2nd year] ≤ 0,97) Max allowable PDs (via Linear Power) Different MgO VF Different fuel pellet conductivity Different LP 13 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  14. Core performances (1/3) Worst condition (lowest keff, highest I) (keff 0,964) (keff 0,97) 14 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  15. 395 MW Hex Layout (drawing by ANSALDO) 15 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  16. keff = 0,964 0,97 Core performances (2/3) ffrad = 1,29 ffax = 1,14 ffrad = 1,45 ffax = 1,15 16 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  17. Core performances (3/3) • The low keff excursiondoes not require • significative proton currentvariations: •  16 mA (1 year) •  13 mA (2 years) Start Up 1 year (BOC) 2 years (EOC) SpallationModule Fuel 17 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  18. BU performances (395 MW, EPu = 45,7%) DMA / MA (BOC)  -12,95% DPu / Pu (BOC)  -0,25% 18 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  19. 19 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  20. 20 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  21. Core and Burn Up performances 21 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

  22. 42-0 approach for MAs transmutation (without Pu burning and production) is a viable strategy • The T/H analysis with RELAP code (P. Meloni) shows that we exceed the safety limits on cladding temperature: (ffrad too high in the Outer part) The problem can be solved by: 1) Optimising the 2 zones subdivision 2) Adopting 3 radial zones Concluding Remarks • The calculations will be refined (JEFF3.1 MgO, Pb library (1968 g), Hex reactor model, Uncertainties on MAs nuclear data…) * At max linear power ** At max core elevation 22 Lyon, 10 – 11th October 2006 , EUROTRANS – WP1.5 Specialist Meeting C. Artioli, M. Sarotto

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