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Your “Do Now” 2/23 (On ½ sheet of paper)

Your “Do Now” 2/23 (On ½ sheet of paper). What is DNA replication? What has to happen to DNA before it can be replicated? What is the name of the chemicals that “unzip” it? What can happen if DNA is not copied perfectly?  

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Your “Do Now” 2/23 (On ½ sheet of paper)

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  1. Your “Do Now” 2/23(On ½ sheet of paper) • What is DNA replication? • What has to happen to DNA before it can be replicated? • What is the name of the chemicals that “unzip” it? • What can happen if DNA is not copied perfectly?   • Where does a mutation have to happen if it gets passed on to somebody’s kids? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU&feature=related http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#

  2. Agenda 2/24 • Notes #3 • Practice probs (partners) • Get Candy Lab & DNA Replication Activity in • Final day for Test Retakes • Progress reports home today • Phone calls home this afternoon

  3. Learning Target • I can explain the process of protein synthesis and how proteins determine our traits

  4. CH 12 Notes #3 Protein Synthesis

  5. Protein Synthesis: • Process of making proteins from a DNA template • We need proteins for: 1) Traits 2) Cell Structure 3) Hormones 4) chemical reactions

  6. Some basics: RNA • RNA = Ribonucleic acid • Single stranded • Can leave nucleus to go into cytoplasm • RNA uses A, C, G, and Uracil (U)

  7. There are 3 types of RNA: • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Makes copies of DNA inside nucleus • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation

  8. There are 2 major parts to protein synthesis • Transcription • Translation

  9. Part A: Transcription • Making an RNA template from the DNA

  10. Step 1: Unzip the DNA

  11. Step 2: mRNA attaches to DNA template • Similar to DNA replication • Base-paringBUT: RNA uses U’s instead of T’s

  12. Step 3: mRNA moves out of the nucleus & into the cytoplasm • Important: DNA stays in the nucleus!

  13. Let’s try some DNA TRANSCRIPTION DNA Sequence: A G A T A C C C T G A C C U G G G A U C U A U G mRNA Sequence:

  14. Part B: Translation • The process of using mRNA to make proteins • Proteins are made up of long strands of chemicals called amino acids

  15. Part B: Translation Step 1: mRNA moves to a ribosome

  16. Step 2: the ribosome “reads” mRNA nucleotides 3 at a time • Each set of 3 nucleotides is called a codon

  17. Step 3: tRNA brings an amino acid (AA) to connect to mRNA • Each tRNA has an set of three bases that match-up to the mRNA’s codons • called anti-codons Example mRNA codon: U C C tRNA Anti-codon: A G G

  18. Reading the mRNA code to build proteins Practice: UAG = _____________

  19. GGG = _______________ AAC = ____________

  20. Step 4: Creating a Protein Example: AAG = Phenylalanine • Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds to form a protein

  21. DNA translation must be accurate • Amino acids must be in the correct order to build the right protein • If mutations in the DNA happen, the wrong protein will be made http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#

  22. Overview of Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOP76_qLWA&feature=related

  23. Practice Problem DNA sequence: ATA GCC UAA • What is the mRNA strand? • UAU CGG AUU • What is the amino acid chain?

  24. What is the amino acid chain?UAU CGG AUU

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