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A Comparison of Eastern European Anti-communist Exiles By Martin Nekola, Ph.D.

A Comparison of Eastern European Anti-communist Exiles By Martin Nekola, Ph.D. 1945 -1948 → communist parties in power → massive refugee wave to the West → formation of anti-communist exiles. Cold war exiles: - 1945-1989

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A Comparison of Eastern European Anti-communist Exiles By Martin Nekola, Ph.D.

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  1. A Comparison of Eastern European Anti-communist ExilesBy Martin Nekola, Ph.D.

  2. 1945 -1948 → communist parties in power → massive refugee wave to the West → formation of anti-communist exiles

  3. Cold war exiles: • - 1945-1989 • - Albanians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Czechs, Estonians, Hungarians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles, Romanians, Serbs, Slovenians and many others… • Exile centers: Munich, Paris, London, Ottawa, New York, Washington D.C.

  4. Comparison of the exiles, criteria: • Organizations • Leaders • financial background • forms of propaganda • efforts and aims • involvement in supranational projects • recognition from Western authorities • support among the exile public

  5. Exile politics: • Political parties • National committees • Supranational organizations - internationals

  6. 1. Political parties • restoration of dissolved political parties in exile conditions • First Activities in Refugee camps • Lack of funding and skilled people • Internal problems

  7. 2. National committees • Formation 1947 - 1951 • former politicians, diplomats, government officials, journalists, scientists… • Propaganda, information, cultural and memorial events, Lobbying western officials

  8. 1947 - Polish National Democratic Council (Polski Komitet Narodowo Demokratyczny) • - Hungarian National Committee • (Magyar Nemzeti Bizottmány) • 1948 - Romanian National Committee • (Comitetului National Român) • 1949 - Council of a Free Czechoslovakia • (Rada svobodného Československa) • - Committee for a Free Albania • (Komitetit Kombetar Shqipëria e Lirë) • - Bulgarian National Committee - Free and Independent Bulgaria • (Bulgarski Nacionalen Komitet - Svobodna i nezavisima Bulgaria • 1951 - National Commitee for a Free Latvia (Komiteja latvijas brīvībai) • - National Committee for a Free Lithuania (Lietuvos laisvės komitetas) • - National Commitee for a Free Estonia (Vaba Eesti Komitee)

  9. 3. internationals • Supranational cooperation of socialists, agrarians, liberals, christian democrats already in the interwar period • After ww2: • New International Teams (Nouvelles Équipes Internationales – NEI) • World Liberal Union (WLU) • Committee of theInternational Socialist Conference (COMISCO) • International Federation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)

  10. Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe (CDUCE) • International Peasant Union (IPU) • Socialist Union of Central – Eastern Europe (SUCEE) • Liberal-Democratic Union of Central-Eastern Europe (LDUCEE) • International Federation of Free Trade Unionsin Exile (ICFTUE) • Professional internationals: journalists, academicians, students, former political prisoners, youth, women…

  11. Thank you for your attention…

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