SOL

1. Questions Answers SOL New England was settled by ____seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe VUS.2 Puritans _______formed a “covenant community” based on the principles of the Mayflower Compact and Puritan religious beliefs. New England VUS.2 The English, Dutch, and German-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity was in the _____ . VUS.2 The middle colonies _______, established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London as a business venture. Jamestown VUS.2 _______was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Jamestown VUS.2 The early Virginia “_____” were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England. VUS.2 cavaliers A _________ is a person who agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World. indentured servants VUS.3

2. Questions Answers SOL The Virginia______, established by the 1640s, was the first elected assembly in the New World. VUS.2 House of Burgesses The first Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown in ____to work on tobacco plantations. VUS.2 1619 The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually,_____. manufacturing VUS.3 _______developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Cities such as New York. The middle colonies VUS.3 The __________were home to multiple religious groups who generally believed in religious tolerance, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey. middle colonies VUS.3 Crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo are examples of _______ grown in the Southern Colonies. VUS.3 cash crops Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale ____farming, hunting, and trading. VUS.3 subsistence

3. Questions Answers SOL ______was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts. VUS.3 Rhode Island The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including _____in Pennsylvania. VUS.3 Quakers The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including _____in Maryland. VUS.3 Catholics The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including _____ and _______in New York. Huguenots and Jews VUS.3 The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including _________ in New Jersey. VUS.3 Presbyterians The “_______” was a religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s. VUS.3 Great Awakening It led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions such as the Methodists and Baptists and challenged the established religious and governmental order. VUS.3 Great Awakening

4. Questions Answers SOL Most plantation labor needs eventually came to be filled by the forcible importation of____. VUS.3 Africans The part of the Triangle Trade that brought forced Africans to the new world across the Atlantic ocean. “Middle Passage” VUS.3 The development of a slavery-based agricultural economy in the Southern colonies eventually led to conflict between the North and South and the American_____. Civil War VUS.3 • Some of the labor needs, especially in Virginia, were met by_______, who were often poor persons from England, Scotland, or Ireland who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in return for their passage from Europe or relief from debts. indentured servants VUS.3 • New England colonies used town meetings which a type of an “Athenian” ________in there operation of government. direct democracy VUS.3 • _________incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen. Middle colonies VUS.3 • Southern colonies maintained stronger ties with Britain, with ______playing leading roles in representative colonial legislatures. VUS.3 Large planters

5. Questions Answers SOL Who wrote: all people are free, equal, and have “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property that rulers cannot take away. John Locke VUS.4 “social contract” and “ordered liberty” were the ideas of _________ VUS.4 John Locke ______was an Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas, more than any other’s, influenced the American belief in self-government. VUS.4 John Locke _____ was an English immigrant to America who produced a pamphlet known as Common Sense that challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England Thomas Paine VUS.4 _______was read and acclaimed by many American colonists during the mid-1700s and contributed to a growing sentiment for independence from Great Britain. Common Sense VUS.4 The eventual draft of the Declaration of Independence, was authored by _____of Virginia. VUS.4 Thomas Jefferson The rivalry in North America between England and France led to the ______War. VUS.4 French and Indian

6. Questions Answers SOL The eventual draft of the Declaration of Independence, authored by _____of Virginia, reflected the ideas of Locke and Paine. Thomas Jefferson VUS.4 In the _________ Jefferson then went on to detail many of the grievances against the King of England that Paine had earlier described in Common Sense. Declaration of Independence VUS.4 _________ War caused the French to be driven out of Canada and their territories west of the Appalachian Mountains French and Indian VUS.4 _________ was a famous American that fought in the French and Indian war. George Washington VUS.4 ______, which prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, a region that was costly for the British to protect. The Proclamation of 1763 VUS.4 The ________ was a taxs on legal documents, playing cards, and newspapers which upset the colonist. Stamp Act VUS.4 The tea and sugar Acts ,to pay costs incurred during the ________and for British troops to protect colonists. French and Indian War VUS.4

7. Questions Answers SOL The dumping of the Kings Tea into Boston harbor an act done by the Sons of Liberty. The Boston Tea Party VUS.4 The ________was called, to which all of the colonies except Georgia sent representatives. First Continental Congress VUS.4 The ______took place when British troops fired on anti-British demonstrators. Boston Massacre VUS.4 The Revolutionary War began when the “Minutemen” of Massachusetts fought a brief skirmish with British troops at__________. Lexington and Concord VUS.4 The Colonial group believed in complete independence from England. Patriots VUS.4 What Virginian said" Give me liberty, or give me death!” Patrick Henry VUS.4 The Continental Army was led by ________, also of Virginia. VUS.4 George Washington

8. Questions Answers SOL These colonist remained loyal to Britain, based on cultural and economic ties? VUS.4 Loyalists (Tories) These colonist believed that taxation of the colonies was justified to pay for British troops to protect American settlers from Indian attacks? Loyalists (Tories) VUS.4 These colonists tried to stay as uninvolved in the war as possible? Neutrals VUS.4 During the Revolutionary War _______negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France. Benjamin Franklin VUS.4 ________, was the general of the American army, And he avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army, and his leadership kept the army together when defeat seemed inevitable. VUS.4 George Washington Americans benefited from the presence of the French army and navy at the______, which ended the war with an American victory. VUS.4 Battle of Yorktown Who sent troops that helped the Americans win the Battle of Yorktown? VUS.4 the French

9. Questions Answers SOL In the Declaration of independence , Jefferson, reflected the ideas of ______. Locke and Paine VUS.4 American political leaders, fearful of a powerful central government like England’s, created the______, adopted at the end of the Revolutionary war. Articles of Confederation VUS.5 Provided for a weak national government & Gave Congress no power to tax or regulate commerce among the states. Articles of Confederation VUS.5 Provided for no common currency & Gave each state one vote regardless of size& Provided for no executive or judicial branch Articles of Confederation VUS.5 Placated the Southern states by counting the slaves as ______of the population when count for congress. three-fifths VUS.5 Balanced power between large and small states by creating a____ and a House of _____ and was made by the great compromise. Senate & Representatives VUS.5 checks and balances To avoided a too-powerful central government by establishing three co-equal branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—with numerous _______among them VUS.5

10. Questions Answers SOL The power of the federal government is limited to the powers identified in the_____ VUS.5 Constitution George Washington _________ was the Chairman of the Constitutional Convention VUS.5 ______ was the “Father of the Constitution” VUS.5 James Madison ________, a Virginian and a brilliant political philosopher, often led the debate and kept copious notes of the proceedings . James Madison VUS.5 At the Convention, Madison authored the “_________,” which proposed a federal government of three separate branches VUS.5 Virginia Plan ________ authored the Bill of Rights using the Virginia Declaration of Rights and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom as his guided. James Madison VUS.5 George Mason in _________ reiterated the notion that basic human rights should not be violated by governments Virginia Declaration of Rights VUS.5

11. Questions Answers SOL Thomas Jefferson in the _______ outlawed the established church that is, the practice of government support for one favored church. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom VUS.5 These people favored a strong national government that shared some power with the states and were in favor of the constitution. Federalist position VUS.5 They argued that the checks and balances in the Constitution prevented any one of the three branches from acquiring preponderant power. VUS.5 Federalist position These Americans also argued that a national Bill of Rights would be redundant, because the Constitution itself protected basic rights, and because most states already had bills of rights that clearly defined basic rights that the governments could not abolish. Federalist position VUS.5 These Americans believed a strong national government would tend to usurp the powers of the state governments, thereby concentrating too much power at the national level and too little at the state and local levels and were opposed to ratification of the Constitution. VUS.5 Anti-Federalist position Forced the Federalists to pledge that a Bill of Rights would be the first order of business of the new government established by the Constitution Anti-Federalist position VUS.5 The leading Virginia opponents of ratification were____ and George Mason. VUS.5 Patrick Henry

12. Questions Answers SOL The leading Virginia proponents of ratification of the Constitution were ______and James Madison. George Washington VUS.5 “judicial review”--- what court case? VUS.5 Marbury v. Madison “the power to tax is the power to destroy”--- what court case? VUS.5 McCulloch v. Maryland Important legal precedents established by the ______Court strengthened the role of the United States Supreme Court as an equal branch of the national government. John Marshall VUS.5 The court case that broadly national view of economic affairs was set forth in_________. VUS.5 Gibbons v. Ogden The _______is the first ten amendments to the Constitution. VUS.5 Bill of Rights The Constitutional Convention was held in the city of_________. Philadelphia VUS.5

13. Questions Answers SOL The Federalistswere led by John Adams and_______ VUS.6 Alexander Hamilton The _________believed in a strong national government and industrial economy and were supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast. Federalists VUS.6 The Democratic Republicans were led by________ VUS.6 Thomas Jefferson The _____believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South. Democratic Republicans VUS.6 The election of______, won by Thomas Jefferson, was the first American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another VUS.6 1800 _________ was the President who in 1803 purchased the huge Louisiana Territory from France. VUS.6 Thomas Jefferson _________doubled the size of the United States overnight 1803. VUS.6 Louisiana Purchase

14. Questions Answers SOL __________expedition was made to explore the new territories that lay west of the Mississippi River. VUS.6 Lewis and Clark _______, an Indian (First American) woman, served as a guide and translator for the Corps of discovery. VUS.6 Sacajawea The American victory over the British in the _______ produced an American claim to the Oregon Territory VUS.6 War of 1812 “The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers.”– What is this from? The Monroe Doctrine (1823) VUS.6 “The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any Independent state in the Western Hemisphere.”– What is this from? The Monroe Doctrine (1823) VUS.6 Controversy over the________’ support for the Bank of the United States, the Jay Treaty, and the undeclared war on France contributed to the emergence of an organized opposition party Federalists VUS.6 The _________believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South. Democratic- Republicans VUS.6

15. Questions Answers SOL The_______,led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, typically believed in a strong national government and commercial economy. They were supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast. Federalists VUS.6 “The United States would not interfere in European affairs.”– What document said this? The Monroe Doctrine (1823) VUS.6 The growth of railroads and _______ helped the growth of an industrial economy and supported the westward movement of settlers. VUS.6 canals _______invention of the cotton gin which led to the spread of the slavery-based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South. VUS.6 Eli Whitney’s American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule and a famous battle at the_____, in which a band of Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior force. Alamo VUS.6 The Texans’ eventual victory over ______ forces subsequently brought Texas into the Union. Mexican VUS.6 The American victory in the Mexican War during the _____led to the acquisition of an enormous territory. VUS.6 1840s

16. Questions Answers SOL • The American victory in the_____ gave the United Sates present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. VUS.6 Mexican War The belief that it was America’s “_____” to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific provided political support for territorial expansion. VUS.6 Manifest Destiny The “______,” is when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic Coast states to Oklahoma. Trail of Tears VUS.6 What is the practice of using public offices to benefit members of the victorious party? Spoils System VUS.6 The economic situation that resulted from reckless speculation that led to bank failures and dissatisfaction with the use of state banks as depositories for public funds VUS.6 Panic of 1837 _____opposed Madison’s war (War of 1812) resolution and talked of secession and proposed constitutional amendments, which were not acted upon. Federalists VUS.6 President ________personified the “democratic spirit” of the age by challenging the economic elite VUS.6 Andrew Jackson

17. Questions Answers SOL After the Federalist Party disappeared, the_____ Party was made to counter President Jackson. VUS.6 Whig The ______was a political party formed in the 1840’s that tried to limit immigration to protect jobs and Protestants America. Know-Nothings VUS.6 • The agricultural South opposed high ______that made the price of imports more expensive under Jackson. tariffs VUS.6 The Southern states developed an agricultural economy consisting of a ____-based system of plantations in the lowlands along the Atlantic and in the Deep South slavery VUS.6 The abolitionist movement grew in the North, led by _____, publisher of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper William Lloyd Garrison VUS.6 _______, wife of a New England clergyman, wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a best-selling novel that inflamed Northern abolitionist sentiment. VUS.6 Harriet Beecher Stowe In the nineteenth century the Northern states developed an industrial economy based on______. VUS.6 manufacturing

18. Questions Answers SOL There were slave revolts in Virginia, they were led by _______and Gabriel Prosser, fed white Southern fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves VUS.6 Nat Turner The ______(1820) drew an east-west line (36- 30)through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line VUS.6 Missouri Compromise Missouri joints the Union as a slave state and Maine joints as a free state- What compromise? VUS.6 Missouri Compromise In the______, California entered as a free state, while the new Southwestern territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their own. Compromise of 1850 VUS.6 California comes in as a free state and the fugitive slave laws are introduced- What compromise? VUS.6 Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay “The great Compromiser” Who mad the Compromise of 1850 and Missouri Compromise? VUS.6 The _____of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise line by giving people in Kansas and Nebraska the choice whether to allow slavery in their states (“popular sovereignty”). VUS.6 Kansas-Nebraska Act

19. Questions Answers SOL Who made the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Stephen Douglas VUS.6 • President Jackson threatened to send federal troops to South Carolina to collect tariff revenues. This was called ________. VUS.6 Nullification Crisis This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other. It also led to the birth of the ____that same year to oppose the spread of slavery. VUS.6 Republican Party ______, who had joined the new Republican Party, and Stephen Douglas, a Northern Democrat, conducted numerous debates when running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois in 1858. Abraham Lincoln VUS.6 The ____decision by the Supreme Court overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery and outraged Northerners, as did enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act VUS.6 Dred Scott _______which required slaves who escaped to free states to be forcibly returned to their owners in the South. VUS.6 Fugitive Slave Act _______ warned, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” The nation could not continue half-free, half-slave. The issue must be resolved VUS.6 Abraham Lincoln

20. Questions Answers SOL Roles of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and_________, who became involved in women’s suffrage before the Civil War, but continued with the movement after the war Susan B. Anthony VUS.6 Henry Clay Who was the “great compromiser”? VUS.6 _______ was the president that was a known for his use of the :spoil system. Andrew Jackson VUS.6 What President _____ vetoed the second charter of Bank of the United States? Andrew Jackson VUS.6 • Election of ______(1860), followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared that he would try to abolish slavery VUS.7 Abraham Lincoln ______was the opening confrontation of the Civil War VUS.7 Ft. Sumter Election of Lincoln in_____, followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery VUS.7 1860

21. Questions Answers SOL Emancipation Proclamation issued after Battle of____ VUS.7 Antietam ______was the turning point of the Civil War. VUS.7 Gettysburg _______ Virginia, is the site of Lee’s surrender to Grant. Appomattox VUS.7 ______ was the president of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary Abraham Lincoln VUS.7 _____was a Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed. Ulysses S. Grant VUS.7 ______was the The President of the Confederate States. Jefferson Davis VUS.7 ________ opposed secession of the south, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. VUS.7 Robert E. Lee

22. Questions Answers SOL He was the Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia. VUS.7 Robert E. Lee ______urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox. VUS.7 Robert E. Lee ______was a former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army. VUS.7 Frederick Douglass ________ urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army. Frederick Douglass VUS.7 _____ was a former slave who became prominent black abolitionist Frederick Douglass VUS.7 ______ freed those slaves located in “rebelling” states (seceded Southern states). Emancipation Proclamation VUS.7 What made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim & Discouraged any interference of foreign governments? Emancipation Proclamation VUS.7

23. Questions Answers SOL Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”- What is this? Gettysburg Address VUS.7 Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the union and could freely leave.- What did he say this in? Gettysburg Address VUS.7 Lincoln believed that_____ was a matter of quickly restoring legitimate state governments that were loyal to the Union in the Southern states. Reconstruction VUS.7 ______ was the President that took over for Lincoln after the assassination. Andrew Johnson VUS.7 Lincoln believed that_____ was a matter of quickly restoring legitimate state governments that were loyal to the Union in the Southern states. Reconstruction VUS.7 • Military occupation of the southern states after the Civil War was called _______. VUS.7 Reconstruction The _______ influence the process of Reconstruction in a manner much more punitive towards the former Confederate states. Radical Republicans VUS.7

24. Questions Answers SOL The states that seceded were not allowed back into the Union immediately, but were put under military occupation known as _________. Reconstruction VUS.7 _________ said that Slavery was abolished permanently in the United States. VUS.7 13th Amendment ____ said that States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American. VUS.7 14th Amendment ________ said voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (former slaves). 15th Amendment VUS.7 List the three Reconstruction amendments! 13th, 14th, and 15th VUS.7 In return for support in the electoral college vote from Southern Democrats, the Republicans agreed to end the military occupation of the South. Known as the_____, this enabled former Confederates who controlled the Democratic Party to regain power. Compromise of 1877 VUS.7 VUS.7 What ends Reconstruction? Compromise of 1877

25. Questions Answers SOL The completion of the __________ soon after the war ended intensified the westward movement of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. Transcontinental Railroad VUS.7 • ________allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army. Emancipation Proclamation VUS.7 After Reconstruction former Confederates who controlled the Democratic Party to regain power and opened the door to the “______” and began a long period in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship. Jim Crow Era VUS.7 Many towns and cities such in the South likes Richmond and _____lay in ruins after the Civil War. Atlanta VUS.7 • ________ urged Radical Republicans not to be harsh with former Confederates. VUS.7 Ulysses S. Grant • ________elected president and served during most of Reconstruction. VUS.7 Ulysses S. Grant ______Served as president of Washington College, Virginia after the Civil War. VUS.7 Robert E. Lee

26. Questions Answers SOL ________ served as ambassador to Haiti and in the civil service . VUS.7 Frederick Douglass Many Americans had to rebuild their lives after the Civil War and moved west to take advantage of the________, which gave free public land in the western territories to settlers who would live on and farm the land. Homestead Act of 1862 VUS.8 Southerners and____, in particular, moved west to seek new opportunities after the Civil War. VUS.8 African Americans Prior to 1871, most immigrants to America came from northern and western Europe (_________, Great Britain,_______, Norway, and Sweden). Germany & Ireland VUS.8 During the half-century from 1871 until 1921, most immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland,_______, and present-day Hungary and Yugoslavia), as well as Asia (______and Japan). VUS.8 Russia & China __________workers helped to build the Transcontinental Railroad. VUS.8 Chinese& Irish During this period, immigrants from Europe entered America through ____in New York harbor. VUS.8 Ellis Island

27. Questions Answers SOL During this period, immigrants from Europe entered America through ____in New York harbor. VUS.8 Ellis Island Immigrates first view of America was often the_____, standing nearby, as their ships arrived following the voyage across the Atlantic. Statue of Liberty VUS.8 Immigrants began the process of assimilation into what was termed the American “____.” melting pot VUS.8 Mounting resentment led Congress to limit immigration, through the _______of 1882. Chinese Exclusion Act VUS.8 Mounting resentment led Congress to limit immigration, through the __________Act of 1921. Immigration Restriction VUS.8 Factories in the large cities provided jobs, but workers’ families often lived in harsh conditions crowded into ______and slums. VUS.8 tenements New York City began construction of the world’s first____ system around the turn of the 20th century, and many cities built trolley or streetcar lines. VUS.8 subway

28. Questions Answers SOL This was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron? Bessemer steel process VUS.8 ______ invented the first Light bulb and electricity as a source of power . Thomas Edison VUS.8 Alexander Graham Bell ______ invented the Telephone VUS.8 The ______ invented the first Airplane. Wright Brothers VUS.8 Assembly line manufacturing- cars! Henry Ford VUS.8 ______ was a industrial leader in making steel (United States Steel Corporation). Andrew Carnegie VUS.8 _______ was a Banking barren and bought out U.S Steel. J.P. Morgan VUS.8

29. Questions Answers SOL _______ was in control of Standard oil which had a monopole in the oil business! VUS.8 John D. Rockefeller ___________ was a railroad barren who had a monopole in New City railways! VUS.8 Cornelius Vanderbilt After reconstruction, many Southern state governments passed “_____” laws forcing separation of the races in public places. Jim Crow VUS.8 In_________, the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” did not violate the 14th Amendment, upholding the “Jim Crow” laws of the era. Plessy v. Ferguson VUS.8 During the early 20th century, African Americans began the “______” to Northern cities in search of jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South. Great Migration VUS.8 _______led an anti-lynching crusade and called on the federal government to take action. VUS.8 Ida B. Wells _______believed the way to equality was through vocational education and economic success; he accepted social separation. Booker T. Washington VUS.8

30. Questions Answers SOL _______believed that education was meaningless without equality. He supported political equality for African Americans by helping to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People VUS.8 W.E.B. Du Bois President _________ made the “Square Deal” during the progressive period. Theodore Roosevelt VUS.8 President ________ made the“New Freedom” during the progressive period. Woodrow Wilson VUS.8 The _____Movement used government to reform problems created by industrialization. Progressive VUS.8 1. Government controlled by people 2. Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation 3. Elimination of social injustices What are these goals for? Goals of Progressive Movement VUS.8 ______ gave direct election of U.S. Senators to the people. VUS.8 17th Amendment ________ was the leader of American Federation of Labor. VUS.8 Samuel Gompers

31. Questions Answers SOL • ______ was the leader of the American • Railway Union and took part in the Pullman Strike in Chicago. VUS.8 Eugene V. Debs ______ capitalism is were government does not interfere in anyway with business. Laissez-faire VUS.8 ______wrote literature that described the corruption going in big business. They got there names from President teddy Roosevelt for they way the always brought of muck on the companies. VUS.8 Muckrakers Women's got the right to vote because of the ________ 19th Amendment VUS.8 Secretary of State John Hay made proposed the ________that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. Open Door Policy VUS.9 President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. What was called? VUS.9 Dollar diplomacy Puerto Rico was annexed by the United State and the United States asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs after what War? VUS.9 Spanish American War

32. Questions Answers SOL In the building of the _____ president Teddy Roosevelt and the United States encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia so the Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal. VUS.9 Panama Canal _______began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia. World War I VUS.9 For ____years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war. VUS.9 three ____________ said the Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” He is the president that lead the United States in WWI. Woodrow Wilson VUS.9 America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the World War I and led to _____defeat. VUS.9 Germany's The __________ were Presidents Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war. VUS.9 Fourteen Points In _______ the French and English insisted on hash punishment of Germany and ended WWI. VUS.9 Treaty of Versailles

33. Questions Answers SOL The decision to enter World War I was the result of continuing ____submarine warfare and sinking of the Lusitania. VUS.9 German • Self-determination • Freedom of the seas • League of Nations • Mandate system • -- What are these the key points of? Fourteen Points VUS.9 • In the 1920’s and 1930’s the _______would broadcast jazz and shows. VUS.10 Radio ______were used by presidents Franklin Roosevelt to talk the nation each week on the radio. Fireside Chats VUS.10 • ____were use to provided a escape from Depression-era realities. VUS.10 Movies • Traditional religion change in the in 1920’s when Darwin’s Theory was being taught in public school because of the________. Scopes Trial (Scopes Monkey Trail) VUS.10 ______was the banning the drinking of alcohol and brought the ear of smuggling alcohol /speakeasies VUS.10 Prohibition

34. Questions Answers SOL Overspeculation on stocks using borrowed money that could not be repaid when the stock market crashed in ______and stock prices collapsed 1929 VUS.10 High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries, strangling world trade. One of these tariffs was the Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the_____. VUS.10 Hawley-Smoot Act 1. Unemployment and homelessness 2. Collapse of financial system (bank closings) 3. Political unrest 4. Farm foreclosures and migration– What are these? Impacts of the Great Depression VUS.10 President ______ came up with the New Deal to help during the depression. VUS.10 Franklin Roosevelt Who said “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.” VUS.10 Franklin Roosevelt Works Progress Administration What does WPA stand for? VUS.10 What does AAA Stand for? Agricultural Adjustment Administration VUS.10

35. Questions Answers SOL One of the Consequences of the stock market crash of _____was because of clients panicked, attempting to withdraw their money from the banks, but there was nothing to give them. VUS.10 1929 • High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries, strangling world trade (Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the____________) Hawley-Smoot Act VUS.10 One of the Impact of the ____was high unemployment and homelessness. Great Depression VUS.10 • Recovery programs were designed to bring the nation out of the depression over time (_________ AAA). Agricultural Adjustment Administration VUS.10 Relief measures provided direct payment to people for immediate help (__________—WPA). VUS.10 Works Progress Administration • President ______ had a weekly radio were he would relate his plans for the depression called Fireside Chats. • Franklin Roosevelt VUS.10 The legacy of the ____influenced the public’s belief in the responsibility of government to deliver public services, to intervene in the economy, and to act in ways that promote the general welfare. VUS.10 New Deal

36. Questions Answers SOL ______ was president during most of the Great Depression. VUS.10 Franklin Roosevelt Reform measures corrected unsound banking and investment practices Like the _______ during the great depression. FDIC VUS.10 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Open immigration in the 1920’s lead to a rise of new groups like the___________ which terror to control groups of people. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) VUS.10 Business was booming in the 1920’s, but investments were made with borrowed money called _________. overspeculation VUS.10 World War II began with Hitler’s invasion of _____in 1939, followed shortly after by the Soviet Union’s invasion of _______ from the east and the Baltic countries. Poland VUS.11 In mid-1941, Hitler turned on his former partner and invaded the_____. VUS.11 Soviet Union A air battle over England during World War II was called the _____. Battle of Britain VUS.11

37. Questions Answers SOL During the first two years of the war, the_____ stayed officially neutral as Germany overran France and most of Europe United States VUS.11 The ______Act gave the President authority to sell or lend equipment to countries to defend themselves against the Axis powers. Lend-Lease VUS.11 Franklin Roosevelt compared the _______ to “lending a garden hose to a next-door neighbor whose house is on fire.” Lend-Lease Act VUS.11 During the 1930s a militaristic Japan invaded and brutalized _____and China as it sought military and economic domination over Asia. VUS.11 Manchuria The United States refused to recognize _____conquests in Asia and imposed an embargo on exports of oil and steel to ______. Japanese VUS.11 Japan carried out an air attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on __________, 1941. VUS.11 December 7 _______called Perl Harbor “a date that will live in infamy” Franklin Roosevelt VUS.11

38. Questions Answers SOL After Pearl Harbor, ______ honored a pact with Japan and declared war on the United States. VUS.11 Hitler In the Pacific, American military strategy called for an “_____” campaign, seizing islands closer and closer to Japan and using them as bases for air attacks on Japan island hopping VUS.11 Following Pearl Harbor, _____ invaded the Philippines and Indonesia and planned to invade both Australia and Hawaii. Japan VUS.11 German forces threatening to seize Egypt and the Suez Canal were defeated by the British at the battle of _______ during WWII. El Alamein VUS.11 At the battle of _______ Hundreds of thousands of German soldiers were killed or captured in a months-long siege in the Soviet Union during WWII. Stalingrad VUS.11 The German defeat at __________ prevented Germany from seizing the Soviet oil fields and turned the tide against Germany in the east. VUS.11 Stalingrad During WWII the Normandy landings was called ______ and was know as Operation Overlord.. VUS.11 D-Day

39. Questions Answers SOL American and Allied troops were under General _____at the Normandy Landing. VUS.11 Eisenhower American and Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normand in German-occupied France on____, 1944. June 6 VUS.11 In the “Miracle of____,” American naval forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it prepared to seize ____ Island. Midway VUS.11 At the Battles of ____ and ____ brought American forces closer than ever to Japan, but both invasions cost thousands of American lives and even more Japanese lives, as Japanese soldiers fought fiercely over every square inch of the islands and Japanese soldiers and civilians committed suicide rather than surrender. Iwo Jima and Okinawa VUS.11 President _______ordered the use of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force the Japanese to surrender. Harry Truman VUS.11 _________generally served in segregated military units during WWII. African Americans VUS.11 During WWII ______were assigned to non-combat roles but demanded the right to serve in combat rather than support roles. VUS.11 African Americans

40. Questions Answers SOL _______were African American who served in Europe with distinction flying fighter planes in WWII. VUS.11 Tuskegee Airmen ________were Asian American who earned a high number of decorations in WWII. Nisei regiments VUS.11 Communication codes of the ____were used because they did not have a written language so it was impossible for the Japanese to break. Navajo VUS.11 The ______Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations. Geneva VUS.11 In WWII there was the ______ Death March, were American POWs suffered brutal treatment by Japanese after surrender of the Philippines. VUS.11 Bataan ______soldiers often committed suicide rather than surrender. Japanese VUS.11 The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group VUS.11 Genocide

41. Questions Answers SOL Germany’s decision to exterminate all Jews was Hitler's ____________ about the concentration camps. VUS.11 Final solution The _____trials emphasized individual responsibility for actions during WWII, regardless of orders received. Nuremberg VUS.11 1. Jews 2. Poles 3. Slavs 4. Gypsies 5. “Undesirables” --- What are these groups for? The People ofthe Holocaust VUS.11 Six million Jews were killed during the _____. Holocaust VUS.11 _______was used to maintain supply of essential products to the war effort. VUS.12 Rationing _____and income tax were used for financing the United States in World War II. War bonds VUS.12 During WWII more _____and minorities entered the labor force as men entered the armed forces. VUS.12 women

42. Questions Answers SOL A symbol for woman in the work force during World War II was ___________. VUS.12 Rosie the Riveter Internment Camps affected____ American populations along the West Coast. Japanese VUS.12 During WWII businesses had to be _____from peacetime to wartime production VUS.12 retooled During WWII the ______(selective service) was used to provide personnel for the military. draft VUS.12 • During WWII many Japanese Americans were relocated to _______camps, because the US government was afraid that they would be used as spies. internment VUS.12 The _____industry produced movies, plays, and shows that boosted morale and patriotic support for the war effort as well as portrayed the enemy in stereotypical ways during WWII. entertainment VUS.12 The U.S. government maintained strict censorship of reporting of the___, during WWII. war VUS.12

43. Questions Answers SOL The end of _____found Soviet forces occupying most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany. VUS.13 World War II _______was partitioned into East and West _____by the Allies. VUS.13 Germany Europe lay in ruins, and the United States launched the ____which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism. Marshall Plan VUS.13 The _____was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try to prevent futureglobal wars. United Nations VUS.13 The Cold War lasted from the end of World War II until the collapse of the _______in 1989. VUS.13 Soviet Union The ______of “containment of communism” was a guiding principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War. Truman Doctrine VUS.13 The ______(NATO) was formed as a defensive alliance among the United States and western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. North Atlantic Treaty Organization VUS.13

44. Questions Answers SOL Soviet allies in eastern Europe formed the ____and for nearly 50 years both sides maintained large military forces facing each other in Europe. VUS.13 Warsaw Pact America, under President_____, adopted a policy of “massive retaliation” to deter any nuclear strike by the Soviets. Dwight D. Eisenhower VUS.13 American involvement in the ______in the early 1950s reflected the American policy of containment of communism. VUS.13 Korean War After communist North Korea invaded South Korea, ______military forces led a counterattack that drove deep into North Korea itself. American VUS.13 The American military buildup in ______began under President John Kennedy. VUS.13 Vietnam After Kennedy’s ________in 1963, the buildup was intensified under President Lyndon Johnson. assassination VUS.13 President Nixon instituted a policy of “______,” withdrawing American troops and replacing them with South Vietnamese forces while maintaining military aid to the South Vietnamese. Vietnamization VUS.13

45. Questions Answers SOL President Nixon was forced from office (resign) by the_____ scandal. VUS.13 Watergate In 1975, both North and South ____were merged under communist control after the United States left. VUS.13 Vietnam ______led a communist revolution that took over Cuba in the late 1950s. VUS.13 Fidel Castro In 1962, the Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba, instigating the________ which all most lead to nuclear war. Cuban Missile Crisis VUS.13 President_____ ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles from Cuba and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war. Kennedy VUS.13 The convictions of Alger Hiss, and _________ for spying for the Soviet Union, and the construction of nuclear weapons by the Soviets using technical secrets obtained through spying, increased domestic fears of communism. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg VUS.13 Senator _____played on American fears of communism by recklessly accusing many American governmental officials and citizens of being communists based on flimsy or no evidence. VUS.13 Joseph McCarthy

46. Questions Answers SOL President_____, a World War II veteran, was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, Texas. VUS.13 John Kennedy Vietnam ____returned often to face indifference or outright hostility from some who opposed the war. VUS.13 veterans ________“glasnost” and “perestroika” (openness and economic restructuring)– Who made theses? Gorbachev VUS.13 Who said “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”? President Ronald Reagan VUS.13 The heavy military expenditures throughout the Cold War benefited ______economy proportionately more than any other state, especially in Hampton Roads. VUS.13 Virginia’s President ______pledged in his inaugural address that the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” John F. Kennedy VUS.13 “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”– Who said this? VUS.13 John F. Kennedy

47. Questions Answers SOL After Regan served his two term the country elected his vice president, _____ the new President. George H. W. Bush VUS.13 Fall of communism , in Eastern Europe, Reunification of Germany, Collapse of Yugoslavia, Breakup of the Soviet state all happened when ____ was President. VUS.13 George H. W. Bush VUS.13 ______ was President during the Persian Gulf War (1990–1991) George H. W. Bush The Persian Gulf War (1990–1991) was the first war in which American ____served in a combat role. VUS.13 women ______ was President during Operation Desert Storm (Persian Gulf war). George H. W. Bush VUS.13 North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA was a trade agreement by President __________ William J. Clinton VUS.13 President Clinton opened full diplomatic relations With______ in the 1990’s. VUS.13 Vietnam

48. Questions Answers SOL NATO action in former ______ was under the Clinton Administration in the 1990’s. VUS.13 Yugoslavia Terrorists attacks on United States soil on _____ happened Under the Bush Administration. VUS.13 9/11/2001 President ________Lifting of economic sanctions against South Africa when its government ended the policy of apartheid. VUS.13 William J. Clinton President _________ when to War in Afghanistan And War in Iraq in his War on Terror. George W. Bush VUS.13 This was a in the 1950’s which was a Supreme Court decision that segregated schools are unequal and must Desegregate? Brown v. Board of Education VUS.14 He was the NAACP Legal Defense Team layer in the 1950’s and part of the 60’s? VUS.14 Thurgood Marshall _____ was the NAACP Legal Defense Team layer in Virginia. VUS.14 Oliver Hill

49. Questions Answers SOL 1) Massive Resistance—Closing some schools, 2) Establishment of private academies, 3) White flight from urban school systems What are these? Virginia response to Integration of Schools VUS.14 Participants in the 1963 March on Washington were inspired by the “I have a dream” speech given by_______. Martin Luther King, Jr VUS.14 The _________ prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender and President Lyndon B. Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act. Civil Rights Act of 1964 VUS.14 The_____ outlawed literacy tests, Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters and President Lyndon B. Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act. Voting Rights Act of 1965 VUS.14 ______was assassinated in the 1960’s, but the fight for equality went on. VUS.14 Dr. Martin Luther King _______was the first woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court. VUS.15 Sandra Day O’Connor _____was the first female astronaut in the United States. VUS.15 Sally Ride

50. Questions Answers SOL The “____” ghetto is were women get low prestige and low paying jobs. VUS.15 Pink collar U.S. astronaut ____was the first American to orbit the Earth. John Glenn VUS.15 In 1969, American astronaut______ was the first person to step onto the moon’s surface. VUS.15 Neil Armstrong Who said “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” VUS.15 Neil Armstrong Breakthroughs in medical research, including the development of the vaccine for polio by____. VUS.15 Dr. Jonas Salk President Regan appointment of judges/justices who exercised “______”. judicial restraint VUS.15 the _____: Monetary policy decisions control the supply of money and credit to expand or contract economic growth. VUS.15 Federal Reserve