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Diplomacy & Negotiation

Diplomacy & Negotiation. Diplomacy & Negotiation . About diplomacy What do diplomats do? What influences negotiations? Who’s influences foreign policy making? What are the different negotiation settings?. About Diplomacy. About Diplomacy. What is diplomacy?

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Diplomacy & Negotiation

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  1. Diplomacy & Negotiation

  2. Diplomacy & Negotiation • About diplomacy • What do diplomats do? • What influences negotiations? • Who’s influences foreign policy making? • What are the different negotiation settings?

  3. About Diplomacy

  4. About Diplomacy What is diplomacy? • Formal relations between countries • Need to be sovereign to engage in diplomacy • Recognize with an Embassy What is the objective of diplomacy? • Promote/ preserve state’s national self-interest When did the modern era of diplomacy begin? • Marked by Treaty of Versailles, 1919

  5. About Diplomacy Who is the most important diplomat for a country? -Head of Government

  6. About Diplomacy Head of Government and Head of State

  7. About Diplomacy Who’s involved in diplomatic affairs? • Head of government, head of state--other diplomats? • Head representative of a country’s foreign affairs office • Ambassadors • Civil servants • Foreign service officers

  8. What Diplomats Do

  9. What Diplomats Do • Represent state affairs • Must be formally appointed • Policy representative • Symbolic • Substantive • Observer and reporter • Negotiator • Bureaucratic functions

  10. Negotiation Influences

  11. Negotiations What influences negotiations? 2 Main Influences: 1) National power 2) 2-level games

  12. Negotiations Aspects of National Power • Multifaceted • Dynamic, not static • Hard v. soft • Coercive v. persuasive • Tangible v. intangible • Tanks v. good leadership • Relative • Regional power • Nuclear power • Economic power

  13. Negotiations National Power: State Characteristics • Sovereignty • Government type, corruption, bureaucratic efficiency, leadership • Population • Age, health, education, morale, diversity, size • Territory • Size, climate, terrain, natural resources • Resources • Factor endowments, industrialization, labor supply

  14. Negotiations National Power: National Infrastructure • Technical structures • Roads, airways, railroad tracks • Electric grids, telephone lines, fiber-optic cables • Waste management, storm drains • Hospitals, schools, post offices • How many people have access? • Transportation • Planes, trains, automobiles • Information & Communications • Radios, TVs, computers, telephones, cell phones, newspapers, addresses

  15. Negotiations 2-Level Games • Constrained by both domestic and international factors/ influences • One level • Between two or more state’s diplomats • Another level • Between the diplomat and the domestic population • Intermestic issues • Let’s build a road in Kentucky • Both levels affect decisions

  16. Negotiations Negotiations take place on two levels: Diplomat with hat Diplomat I One level of negotiations: between diplomats II II One level of negotiations: between diplomat & people One level of negotiations: between diplomat & people

  17. Negotiations Example of 2-level game situation: Eurozone crisis

  18. Who Influences NegotiationS?

  19. Influences Who’s involved in policy making? • Executive branch • Legislative branch • Bureaucrats • Interest groups • Population • Media • Political opposition

  20. Negotiation Settings

  21. Negotiation settings Different Negotiation Environments • Hostile Diplomacy • Armed/potential armed • Adversarial Diplomacy • Little chance of conflict • Coalition Diplomacy • Cooperation to solve issue • Mediation Diplomacy • Third party to help in stalemate

  22. Diplomacy & Negotiation • About diplomacy • What do diplomats do? • What influences negotiations? • Who’s influences foreign policy making? • What are the different negotiation settings?

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