Welcome to BIO181L

1. Welcome to BIO181L

2. Are you in the right room? • Section 26 Koffler 430 • Tuesday 5:00 – 7:50 PM • Section 30 Koffler 430 • Wednesday8:00 – 10:50

3. Instructor • Lynn Massey • Email: lmassey@email.arizona.edu • Sections: 26 and 30 • Koffler Room 430 • Friday 11:00 – 12:00 noon

4. Office Hours • I’m only in my office hours if you ask me to be • I am more than willing to meet personally with you on another day if you need

5. Notecards • On the notecardplease write: • Your name • Major • Class (Freshman…Senior?) • How much music on your iPod is illegally downloaded

6. Now Say Hi to each other • Take 5 and get to know the people at your lab bench

7. Course Homepage • http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181lab • or http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/courses/181lab

8. Important Tabs • Course homepage • Instructor Tab • Section 26 or 30 under my picture • Access to class calendar and links to assignments

9. Course Software • ADOBE SHOCKWAVE PLAYER • Course Homepage • Software Tab • Left Column under “General” • Find “Get Shockwave” link and download program

10. Course Software • Bio181L_GO • Is a folder that contains all the programs you will need for homework • Course Homepage Software Links for “MAC” and “WIN” at top of page • DOWNLOAD AND KEEP!!!! • This is how you will access your homework

11. Course Software • Bio181L_Go package • Has various homework assignments • The most important one is ASSESSOR • This contains the majority of your online tutorials

12. Resources • You have endless resources in this course • Get to know the website- it will be helpful • There are tutorials and detailed instructions with EVERY assignment • Taking note of these will save us time in class

13. Syllabus • Course homepage- link is in right column • READ for next week • Questions from syllabus included on next week’s quiz and this week’s homework

14. Asya Roberts • Asya handles absences- not me • If you know in advance you will miss a lab, see her IMMEDIATELY • BSE Room 109, Mon-Fri: 800AM- 200PM is her general schedule

15. Plagiarism Contract • Page xiii of Lab Manual • Sign and return to me by beginning of lab next week • Having a signed syllabus will be 10 points of your first quiz

16. HOMEWORK • Online assignments due by 10:00 PM the night before lab • CARE NOW!!!! Not at the end of the semester……

17. Weekly Quizzes • Quiz in the first ten minutes of class every week • Used as late penalty • Material covers current day’s lab and concepts you need to complete the lab • READ lab manual….it will save time

18. Create 181L Account • Homepage • Left Column- MCB 181L Homework Account • Enroll in your section (Tues 26/ Wed 30) • Create a password and WRITE IT DOWN- this is what you will use the rest of the course

19. LAB 1: MOLECULAR TAO

20. The World is made of Atoms • Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

21. Review of Terminology • Nucleus (the center)= protons (+ charge) and neutrons (neutral charge) • Electrons (- charge) - rotate AROUND the nucleus

22. Periodic Table of Elements (0-1 Lab Manual) • The number below the elemental symbol refers to the amount of PROTONS in the nucleus • This EQUALS THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS rotating about the nucleus • This is meant to BALANCE THE CHARGE

23. BUT • Atoms “prefer” to have EIGHT electrons in their outermost shell- based off a mathematical model • This fact is what characterizes how atoms will BOND with other atoms….creating a MOLECULE (many atoms)

24. Review • The rings around the atoms are a way to depict “orbitals” or the “electron shell” – which is the space where electrons reside • Atoms like to have EIGHT electrons in their OUTERMOST orbital or electron shell (EXCEPT HYDROGEN AND HELIUM)

25. Electronegativity • A characteristic that describes how BADLY an atom wants an electron • This property determines how the atom will bond and HOW MANY bonds it will make

26. The GENERAL trend

27. How badly do atoms want electrons? • The CLOSER an atom is to having the full eight electrons in the outer shell, the MORE they want electrons= the more electronegative they are • Elements are organized into columns on the PTE to denote how many electrons are still needed

28. Everyone wants to be a noble gas • Every atom seeks to be like the gases in the right hand column of the periodic table • These elements already have eight electrons in the outer shell • The column number indicates how many more electrons the element needs to have eight total

29. How many bonds? • However many electrons are missing from the outer shell is how many bonds the atom will make • EX: Nitrogen- in column 5, meaning it needs 3 more electrons, meaning it will bond 3 times • NH3 Ammonia

30. Example: Ammonia

31. Bonding • Covalent • Ionic • Hydrogen interactions • These are discussed in GREAT DETAIL in your homework- this review will be BRIEF

32. Covalent Bonding • The SHARING of electrons • If an atom needs more electrons to reach the desired eight, it BONDS to another atom

33. Example

34. Polar vs. Nonpolar Covalent • This is a VERY essential concept to being successful in this course and understanding today’s exercise

35. Polar • The electrons shared in the covalent bond spend MORE TIME ROTATING ABOUT THE MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM • UNEQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN ATOMS • Results in partial charges on each atom

36. THE Example: Water

37. What creates the charge? • How many protons does oxygen have? • How many electrons does oxygen have? • How many does it have it the two electrons from water is rotating around it? Is this a charge balance? • It’s kind of like sharing a playstation

38. Polar Interactions • Molecules with polar covalent bonding tend to be attracted to OTHER molecules with polar covalent bonding • Why? Because charges attract each other

39. Nonpolar • EQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS • This occurs most regularly in molecules with a lot of C – H bonds • Carbon and hydrogen have the same electronegativity- no partial sharing

40. Example:

41. Nonpolar interactions • There are none. There is no partial charge to be attracted to anything • Nonpolar substances don’t care about anyone • Oils are common examples • The playstation spends the same amount of time at each person’s house

42. Ionic Bonding • Arises due to the attraction of opposite charges • One atom steals the electron= has total ownership over electron

43. Hydrogen “Interactions” • Happens BETWEEN molecules • Does NOT MEAN A BOND WITH HYDROGEN • Is the INTERACTION of hydrogen with an electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine • Example: Network of water molecules

45. Today’s Lab Activity • Computer desktops- Lab 1 Tao Stack Exercise • Work in groups of 4 • Have one person READ passages OUT LOUD

46. Discussion Points • Why did water “bead up” on wax paper? • Why did adding salt to the alcohol mixtures create a layer for the propanol mixture? • Why did the pepper flakes “flee” the toothpick dipped in detergent?

47. CLEAN UP • This is your responsibility, not the prep staff’s • Please return everything at your station back to normal • Bio 181L homepage- bottom right link says “weekly cleanup”- follow that

48. Homework for next week • Signed plagiarism contract • Assessor: “181 Lab Intro” • Assessor: “Molecular World Tutorial” • “Atoms and Molecules” • Crosswords OR ORORVocabuWary • VIA BIO181_ GO package

49. For Homework • You must download the BIO181_GO package and access the homework there • OR access it via the Software tab on the website, but downloading the package works better • The website is less secure, it functions slower than the BIO181L_GO package

50. Extra Slides