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Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

Onchocerciasis (River Blindness). Deepika Sundararaj March 20, 2012. River blindness is caused by a nematode parasite: Onchocerca volvulus. It is predominately found in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and in Latin America. The parasites are transmitted by the black fly.

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Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

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  1. Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Deepika Sundararaj March 20, 2012

  2. River blindness is caused by a nematode parasite: Onchocercavolvulus

  3. It is predominately found in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and in Latin America.

  4. The parasites are transmitted by the black fly

  5. Life cycle involves six main stages

  6. Symptoms are caused by the inflammatory response to dying microfilaria

  7. Symptoms are caused by the inflammatory response to dying microfilaria

  8. Symptoms are caused by the inflammatory response to dying microfilaria

  9. Symptoms are caused by the inflammatory response to dying microfilaria

  10. Only 5% of the cases experience ocular symptoms

  11. At present, there aren’t any early diagnoses that are 100% reliable

  12. Ivermectin has been the miracle drug since 1987 Provided free of charge by Merck & Co. since 1988

  13. New studies show many of the symptoms are caused by endosymbiont,Wolbachia

  14. Public health initiatives were launched to stop the spread of Onchocerciasis OCP was launched in 1975 and discontinued in 2002.

  15. OEPA and APOC provide resources for local self-sustaining programs

  16. Works Cited • Smith, D. S., D. Goverman, and J. Bass. 2006. Onchocerciasis. http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Onchocerciasis/ • Andre, A. S., N. M. Blackwell, L. R. Hall, A. Hoerauf, N. W. Brattig, L. Volkmann, M. J. Taylor, L. Ford, A. G. Hise, J. H. Lass, E. Diaconu, amd E. Pearlman. 2002. The role of endosymbioticWolbachia bacteria in the pathogenesis of river blindness. Science 295(5561):1892-1895. • Eezzuduemhoi, D., and D. Wilson. 2005. Onchocerciasis. • Sinha,S., R. A. Schwartz, R. Kapila, and M. A. Forgione, Jr. 2006. Onchocerciasis. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224309-overview • Strategic Direction for Research. Feb. 2002. WHO: Tropical Disease Research. < http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/oncho/direction.htm> • Onchocerciasis Disease Information. 1992. WHO: Tropical Disease Research. <http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/oncho/diseaseinfo.htm>. • "Distribution of Onchocerciasis " Map. 1995. Mectizon Donation Program . http://www.mectizan.org/maps.asp • African Program for Onchocerciasis Control. 2006. World Health Organization. << http://www.who.int/blindness/partnerships/APOC/en/index.html>> • Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas. 2006. World Health Organization. <<http://www.who.int/blindness/partnerships/onchocerciasis_oepa/en/index.html>> • Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: first evidence in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, February 2012. Authored by: Afework H Tekle, Elizabeth Elhassan, Sunday Isiyaku, Uche V. Amazigo, Simon Bush, MounkailaNoma, Simon Cousens, AdenikeAbiose and Jan H. Remme http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/28/abstract • Onchocerciasis Treatment Figures. 2006. WHO: Prevention of Blindness and Visual Impairment. <http://www.who.int/blindness/partnerships/onchocerciasis_treatment/en/index.html>

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