Diversity Programs Lula Beatty, PhD Health Disparities Initiative American Psychological Association

1. Diversity Programs Lula Beatty, PhDHealth Disparities InitiativeAmerican Psychological Association

2. Objectives • To briefly describe the need for diversity programs • To discuss how diversity programs can enhance your • career • To describe strategies for finding and applying for • diversity programs and opportunities • To encourage you to persist

3. Race And Ethnicity Representation of Research Grants 1Race Data may contain individuals reporting Hispanic Ethnicity, as well as individuals reporting more than one race 3Includes Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaskan 2“All Hispanic” includes Hispanic Race, plus individuals reporting Hispanic Ethnicity (for these individuals the data includes individuals who are represented in one or more of the racial groups).

4. NIH Research Participation by Race/Ethnicity, 2011 • “An analysis, performed by a team of researchers primarily supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and published in this issue of Science, reveals that from 2000 to 2006, black grant applicants were significantly less likely to receive NIH research funding than were white applicants. The gap in success rates amounted to 10 percentage points, even after controlling for education, country of origin, training, employer characteristics, previous research awards, and publication record. Their analysis also showed a gap of 4.2 percentage points for Asians; however, the differences between Asian and white award probabilities were explained by exclusion of noncitizens from the analysis”. Source: Lawrence Tabak and Francis Collins, Science, August 18, 2011, volume 333.

5. Other Diversity Measures • Gender • Disadvantaged (sometimes measured by poverty level, first generation college) • Disability status

6. Where some of us are • 111,000 Blacks held PhDs in 2007 • 787 – number of Black PhD grads in 1987 • 1688 – number of Black PhD grads in 2005 • 38.7% of new Black PhD grads in 1977 were women • 64.9% of new Black PhD grads in 2005 were women • 68% of Black PhDs plan to obtain jobs in higher education, compared to 57% of white PhDs • Percentage of African American faculty with tenure declined from 40.8 % in 1993 to 38.1 % in 2003 • At least 70% of all Black PhDs aren’t employed in full-time jobs (no pensions or medical benefits) • In 2002, 8% of full time faculty were Black and Hispanic • Female professors are more likely to be instructors/lecturers and teaching at public community colleges • (From: Anderson, Black Educator, 2007; Marable, 2008; Gutierrez y Muhs, Niemann, Gonzalez & Harris, 2013)

7. Significance of the Disparity • The U.S. scientific workforce does not reflect the diversity of the U.S. population • Threatens the country’s standing as the premiere scientific research leader • May contribute to slower progress in effectively addressing health disparities/population health Sources: Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA) (2013). Enhancing diversity in science working together to develop common data, measures, and standards. Washington, DC: COSSA. Accessible at www.cossa.org Working Group on Diversity in the Biomedical Research Workforce (WGDBRW) ( June 13, 2012). Draft report of the Advisory Committee to the Director Working Group on Diversity in the Biomedical Research Workforce, 2012. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Accessible at http://acd.od.nih.gov/Diversity%20in%20the%20Biomedical%20Research%20Workforce%20Report.pdf

8. Remedies • Encourage and support mentoring efforts • Develop diversity policy and programs -- specific programs to address the disparity or difference • Title IX. a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972, Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235 (June 23, 1972), No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance • The National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities established by the passage of the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000. Public Law 106-525, was signed by the President of the United States on November 22, 2000. • NIH, Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Biomedical Research • NHLBI PRIDE program

9. About You:# 1 Career Mistake (Greg McKeown): Spreading yourself too thin Develop your “sweet spot”, where your passion, talent and opportunity intersect

10. What do you need to succeed in research and academia? • Personal readiness (e.g., vision, commitment, persistence) • Competency (knowledge, skills, e.g., writing, research design) • Professional and social skills • Ability to welcome, embrace and constructively use criticism • Integrity

11. People • People to • listen • guide and navigate • open doors • teach • critique • confirm your competency • identify resources • provide opportunities • share/give credit • encourage/console/carry you when you need it • show you the money

12. Money and Things • Money • Pursue scholarly activities/ Pay tuition • Ensure physical well-being (e.g., food and shelter) • Have/Support your family • Participate in career and professional development activities, e.g., attend this meeting • Stay sane, reduce stress • Buy things (e.g., pilot study, data sets, meeting travel) • Things • Equipment • Books • Trips • Workshops • Research data/expenses • Training and career development experiences • Computer software • Services (editing, library) (Thanks, SuzeOrman)

13. Academic Career Requirements/Expectations • Generate funds • Overhead/Indirect • Cover percentage of salary • Publish • Communicate effectively • Committee/Team work • Teach • Service • Continuous learning (staying current) • “On-call” 24-7 (professional identity)

14. Challenges • The gender wage gap has not budged for a decade and the problem is worse for African American women and Latinas (AAUW Executive Director, Linda Hallman) • Same old racism (Manning Marable);racial battle fatigue (William Smith) • Incompetence, not errors (Jessica Henderson Daniels) • Typical problems experienced by African American women faculty and administrators (Moses, 1989 cited in Presumed Incompetent, 2013) • Constant challenges or being viewed as “other” and therefore believed to be inferior • Lack of professional support systems • Excessive scrutiny by peers, superiors, and students • An unstated requirement to work harder to gain recognition and respect • Assumptions that positions were acquired through affirmative action and that therefore the faculty members lacked the necessary qualifications • Tokenism, that is, being viewed as a symbol of race rather than as an individual • Denial of access to power structures normally associated with their position(s)

15. What should a good diversity program offer? • Career related support (e.g., academic, courses)* • Psychosocial support * • Role modeling* • Research experiences (including publications, grant development, presentations) • Networking/Exposure to others in the field • Professional behavior • Personal insights (*Ensher, Heun & Blanchard, 2003)

16. Diversity Programs • Institutional programs • Programs awarded to universities or organizations that in turn recruit students • Capacity development programs that include development plans for the institution, faculty and/or students • Individual programs, individual applies for own individual award, e.g., fellowship

17. Diversity Programs Homes • Federal Programs • National Institutes of Health • National Science Foundation • Professional Associations • American Psychological Association • AAAS (American Association of Sciences) • Foundations • Robert Woods Johnson • Others

18. NIH 101 • Primary mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to better health for everyone • Science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability • Research is primary activity (not service, demonstrations, evaluations) • Research training and health information dissemination are other key activities

19. NIH 101 • 27 institutes and centers (ICs) with distinct disease or research mission, separate budget, and administrative autonomy • Common NIH mechanisms available to but not required of ICs • Unique programs offered by ICs • Grantees are institutions, not individuals • Common review criteria and system

20. National Institutes of Health Resources • Supports about $31 billion per year in medical research • More than 80% of the NIH's funding is awarded through almost 50,000 competitive grants to more than 300,000 researchers at more than 2,500 universities, medical schools, and other research institutions in every state and around the world • About 10% of the NIH's budget supports intramural projects • Supports about 18,000 pre- and post-docs • Has staff of about 18,000

21. Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research • NIH-wide program (Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research PA-08-190 ) • Supplements certain active grants that have sufficient time • ICs vary on participation and implementation • Provides mentoring/training for an identified individual from underrepresented or disadvantaged population • Racial/Ethnic Minority • Disabled • Disadvantaged Background

22. Diversity Supplements • Supports persons at five levels: • High school • Undergraduates • Graduate students • Post doctoral • Investigators • Type/Amount of support varies with levels • Review by NIDA committee with program representatives (exception: undergrads reviewed within office)

23. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (NRSA) Fellowships (Fs) Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F30, F31) Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for Individual Predoctoral Fellowships to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Parent F31 - Diversity) Institutional Training Grants (Ts) Pre/Postdoctoral Training Support (T32) Career Development Awards (Ks) Mentored Ks: Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Program Award (K12) NIDA Scholars Program (K22) Mentored Patient Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) Independent Career Scientists: Independent Scientist Award (K02) Mid-Career Investigator in Patient Oriented Research Award (K24) Senior Scientist Award (K05) NIH Research Training Programs

24. NIH and NIDA Missions(Example of IC distinct programs) • NIH Science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability • NIDA To lead the nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction, through support and conduct of research across a broad range of disciplines ensuring rapid and effective dissemination and use of research results to improve prevention, treatment and policy

25. NIDA Major Programs • Diversity Supplement Program • Summer Research with NIDA • Research Development Seminar Series • Diversity-promoting Institutions Drug Abuse Research Program (DIDARP) • Expert Racial/Ethnic Minority Work Groups • Asian American/Pacific Islander Researchers and Scholars • National Hispanic Science Network • African American Researchers and Scholars • American Indian/Alaska Native Researchers and Scholars

26. Summer Research with NIDA NIDA facilitates matching of students and investigators Provides 8-10 week research placement with a NIDA investigator Announcement released in late fall Application due date is winter Selections made in spring Students start in June

27. Selected Student Programs Opportunities Available • Summer Internship Program in Biomedical Research (SIP). Program Description: Summer programs at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provide an opportunity to spend a summer working at the NIH side-by-side with some of the leading scientists in the world, in an environment devoted exclusively to biomedical research. The NIH consists of the 240-bed Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and more than 1200 laboratories/research projects located on the main campus in Bethesda, MD and the surrounding area as well as in Baltimore and Frederick, MD; Research Triangle Park, NC; Phoenix, AZ; Hamilton, MT; Framingham, MA; and Detroit, MI.  NOTE: the number of positions in Phoenix, Hamilton, Framingham, and Detroit is limited. • Internships cover a minimum of eight weeks, with students generally arriving at the NIH in May or June. The NIH Institutes and the Office of Intramural Training & Education sponsor a wide range of summer activities including lectures featuring distinguished NIH investigators, career/professional development workshops, and Summer Poster Day.

30. NIH: New Opportunities$50 million over 10 years • BUILD. Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity. It will give about 150 new undergraduate students per year (for total of 600 students) up to 2-year tuition scholarships, research experiences in summer and after college, and possibly graduate loan repayment. • “Primary sites" will be institutions with less than $7.5 million a year in NIH research funding and a significant number of students on Pell grants; institutions will form partnerships with research institutions at which the students can get lab experience. • National Mentoring Network, for young minority researchers. • The agency will work to ensure fairness in peer review, for instance by exploring whether reviewers have unconscious racial biases and by pilot testing reviews of anonymized applications. • @ $50 million a year over 10 years, most of which will go to BUILD; funded from NIH's cross-institute Common Fund.

31. National Science Foundation • An independent federal agency created by Congress in 1950 • Mission is "to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense…" • Annual budget of about $7.0 billion (FY 2012) • Funding source for approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by America's colleges and universities. • NSF is the major source of funding In many fields such as mathematics, computer science and the social sciences

32. National Science FoundationCREST Program • The Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) program provides support to enhance the research capabilities of minority-serving institutions through the establishment of centers that effectively integrate education and research. CREST promotes the development of new knowledge, enhancements of the research productivity of individual faculty, and an expanded presence of students historically underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. HBCU-RISE awards specifically target HBCUs to support the expansion of institutional research capacity as well as an increase in the production of doctoral students, especially those from groups underrepresented in STEM, at those institutions.

33. Federal Executive Departments • Department of Agriculture (USDA) • Department of Commerce (DOC) • Department of Defense (DOD) • Department of Education (ED) • Department of Energy (DOE) • Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) • Department of Homeland Security (DHS) • Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) • Department of Justice (DOJ) • Department of Labor (DOL) • Department of State (DOS) • Department of the Interior (DOI) • Department of the Treasury • Department of Transportation (DOT) • Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

34. Independent Government Agencies and Corporations (Dozens!) • CIA • Commission on Civil Rights • Environmental Protection Agency • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • NASA • National Endowment for the Arts • National Science Foundation • Peace Corp • Small Business Administration • Social Security Administration • United States Agency for International Development • U.S. Postal Service

35. American Psychological Foundation • APA’s mission is to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people’s lives.

36. American Psychological Association Resources(to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people’s lives) • Advocacy training • Minority Fellowship Program • Various short-term training programs, e.g., summer research development • Convention program includes continuing education workshops, grants development and assistance (e.g., Women’s Program Office) • Publications • Multicultural summit (every two years) • Division programs

37. APA • APA Congressional Fellowship Program • The purpose of this fellowship is to provide psychologists with an invaluable public policy learning experience, to contribute to the more effective use of psychological knowledge in government and to broaden awareness about the value of psychology-government interaction among psychologists and within the federal government. • Deadline: January 11, 2013

38. American Psychological Foundation: Grants for Students • APF/COGDOP Graduate Student Scholarships: $1,000 to $5,000 general scholarships for graduate students in psychology. • Benton-Meier Scholarships: $2,500 scholarships for neuropsychology graduate students. • Henry P. David Research Grant: $1,500 for work in the behavioral aspects of human reproductive behavior or an area related to population concerns. • Henry P. David Travel Grant: $1,500 for work in the behavioral aspects of human reproductive behavior or an area related to population concerns. • Violet and Cyril Franks Scholarship: $5,000 for work in stigma related to mental illness. • Randy Gerson Memorial Grant: $6,000 for work in the systemic understanding of couple and/or family dynamics and/or multigenerational processes. • Paul E. Henkin Travel Grant: $1,000 to defer the costs of registration, lodging, and travel for student members of APA Division 16 to attend the APA Annual Convention. • Elizabeth Munsterberg Koppitz Fellowships: $25,000 fellowships for graduate students in child psychology. • F.J. McGuigan Dissertation Award: $2,000 to support dissertation research on the materialistic understanding of the human mind, both empirically and theoretically.

39. American Psychological Foundation: Grants for Students • Scott and Paul Pearsall Scholarship: $10,000 to support work that seeks to increase the public’s understanding of the psychological pain and stigma experienced by adults who live with physical disabilities, such as cerebral palsy. • Roy Scrivner Memorial Grant: $12,000 annual grant for empirical and applied research focused on lesbian, gay and bisexual family psychology and lesbian, gay and bisexual family therapy. • Esther Katz Rosen Fellowships: $20,000 for work related to the psychological understanding of gifted children and youth. • Ungerleider/Zimbardo Travel Scholarships: $300 travel awards for seven graduate students to present their papers at the APA Annual Convention. • Lizette Peterson-Homer Grant: $5,000 for research on the prevention of injuries in children and adolescents through accidents, violence, abuse or suicide. • Wayne F. Placek Grants: $15,000 to support empirical research from all fields of the behavioral and social sciences on any topic related to lesbian, gay or bisexual issues. • Visionary Grants: up to $20,000 to seed innovation through supporting research, education and intervention projects and programs. • Drs. Rosalee G. and Raymond A. Weiss Research and Program Innovation Grants: $2,500 to seed innovation through supporting research, education, and intervention projects and programs.

40. American Psychological Foundation: Grants for Early Career Psychologists • John and Polly Sparks Early Career Grant For Psychologists Investigating Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED): $10,000 for research in the area of early intervention and treatment for serious emotional disturbance in children. • APF/AAPA Okura Mental Health Leadership Foundation Fellowship: $20,000 to support psychology’s efforts to benefit the Asian American and Pacific Islander community through research. • Theodore Blau Early Career Award: $4,000 to honor a clinical psychologist for professional accomplishments in clinical psychology. • Kenneth B. and Mamie P. Clark Grant: This fund supports research projects intended to lead to an increased understanding of personal factors, social arrangements, social institutions and physical factors affecting the well being of disesteemed or disadvantaged persons. • Culbertson Travel Grant: $1,500 to support women from developing countries who are in the early stages of their careers by providing travel funds to attend conferences in psychology. • Henry P. David Research Grant: $1,500 for work in the behavioral aspects of human reproductive behavior or an area related to population concerns. • Henry P. David Travel Grant: $1,500 for work in the behavioral aspects of human reproductive behavior or an area related to population concerns.

41. American Psychological Foundation: Grants for Early Career Psychologists • Division 37 Diane J. Willis Early Career Award: $2,000 to support talented young psychologists making contributions towards informing, advocating for and improving the mental health and well-being of children and families particularly through policy. • Division 29 Early Career Award: $2,500 to recognize promising contributions to psychotherapy. • Robert L. Fantz Award: $2,000 to support careers of promising young investigators conducting scientific research on perceptual-cognitive development and development of selective attention. • F. J. McGuigan Early Career Investigator Prize: $25,000 to support research that aims to advance, both empirically and theoretically, a materialistic understanding of the human mind. • Pearson Early Career Grant: $12,000 to support early career psychologists to work in an area of critical social need. • Lizette Peterson-Homer Grant: $5,000 for research on the prevention of injuries in children and adolescents through accidents, violence, abuse or suicide. • Wayne F. Placek Grants: $15,000 to support empirical research from all fields of the behavioral and social sciences on any topic related to lesbian, gay or bisexual issues. • Esther Katz Rosen Early Career Research Grant: Up to $50,000 to promote an early career psychologist whose work centers on the psychological understanding of gifted and talented children and adolescents. • Visionary Grants: up to $20,000 to seed innovation through supporting research, education and intervention projects and programs. • Drs. Raymond A. and Rosalee G. Weiss Program and Innovation Fund Grants: $2,500 to seed innovation through supporting research, education, and intervention projects and programs.

43. Frequently Asked Questions about the MFP Psychology Summer Institute Do I have to be a Minority Fellowship Program Fellow in order to apply? No, anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply. At what point in your education/career is it most beneficial to apply to PSI? PSI is designed to aid participants during key transition points in their careers. If you are at such a point in your career, and if you are looking for additional guidance and training to help you navigate your transition to the next level, then PSI will benefit you. Do I have to be an ethnic minority to apply for PSI? No, you can apply as long as you are a U.S. citizen, permanent resident or non-citizen national. You will be considered for the fellowship if your career focuses on providing behavioral health services to ethnic minority communities. When are selection decisions made regarding PSI? Awards are announced in June. How many applicants apply and are accepted each year? Around 60-80 applications are usually received; approximately 20 spots are available each year. What types of changes might our PSI mentors make to our projects? A mentor would not ask you to change the focus of your study, but the mentor could certainly provide suggestions to help sharpen it that would require some changes on your part. How much does it cost to attend PSI? Travel, food and lodging are covered while one is attending. When must my dissertation proposal be completed in order to be eligible? Your dissertation proposal must be approved prior to the submission of the application (due date May 1). If you are predoctoral, you must submit proof of acceptance with your application.

45. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)an international non-profit organization dedicated to advancing science around the world by serving as an educator, leader, spokesperson and professional association • To strengthen and diversify the science and technology workforce is a stated goal • Entry Point! is the signature program of the AAAS Project on Science, Technology, and Disability (identifies and recruits students with apparent and non-apparent disabilities studying in science, engineering, mathematics, computer science, and some fields of business for outstanding internship and co-op opportunities) • MySciNet: Minority Scientists NetworkBringing scientists and engineers together on Science Careers.

46. New ConnectionsRobert Wood Johnson Foundation • New Connections: Increasing Diversity of RWJF Programming is a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) with technical assistance and direction provided by OMG Center for Collaborative Learning located in Philadelphia, PA. New Connections is a program of the Building Human Capital portfolio (www.rwjf.org/humancapital) at RWJF which works to develop and retain a diverse, well-trained leadership and workforce in health and healthcare to meet the needs of all Americans. Created in 2005, New Connections is designed to expand the diversity of perspectives that inform RWJF program strategy and introduce new researchers and scholars to the Foundation. • New Connections seeks to increase the exposure of RWJF to researchers and experts that represent historically underrepresented research communities • New Connections works with early- to mid-career scholars who: • Have not received prior funding from RWJF as a principal investigator or through a program contract. • And are members of ethnic or racial minority or low-income communities and/or the first in their family to receive a college degree. • Fundamentally, the New Connections program offers access to research funding opportunities as well as career development and mentoring activities.

47. What does a participant need to know, give and do for individual and program success? • Know the mission and goals of the program/opportunity • See and present yourself as a scholar and scientist • Be flexible and open • Participate fully • Do the hard work: • Take the courses needed for the knowledge base required • Seek experiences to further your skills base and concomitantly your network • Have agreed upon specific work plan and outcomes , e.g., grant writing, publication, lab technique • Provide good, constructive feedback as appropriate • Fulfill your obligations to the program, to the extent possible • Stay in touch with the program (tracking long-term success) • Make friends/Expand your network • Ask questions • Enjoy the experience • Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity (Seneca, Roman philosopher)

48. When you apply… • Know what the program offers and that it fits your interests and competencies • Provide all the requested information • Write clearly; have someone read and proof • Be wary of revealing too much personal information • Be sure of the quality and enthusiasm of your recommendations • Submit on time • Request exceptions and extensions only in the case of a real emergency

49. Lula Beattylbeatty@apa.org202-336-6036