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In the name of God

In the name of God. Presented By: Sahra Parsa. There are three bones that come together at the knee join :. Femur Tibia patella. There are four ligaments in the knee :. MCL LCL ACL PCL. Extensor muscles :. Quadriceps: Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris

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In the name of God

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  1. In the name of God Presented By: SahraParsa

  2. There are three bones that come together at the knee join : Femur Tibia patella

  3. There are four ligaments in the knee : MCL LCL ACL PCL

  4. Extensor muscles : Quadriceps: • Vastusmedialis • Vastuslateralis • Rectus femoris • Vastusintermedius

  5. Flexor muscles : • Semimemberanous • Semitendinosous • Biceps femoris • gastrocnemius

  6. Biomechanic : • Tibiofemoral Joint • Patellofemoral joint

  7. Patella : • It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body • The primary functional role of the patella is knee extention

  8. Femoral condyles The medial condyle is larger and lower than the lateral condyle.

  9. Valgum and Varus Genu

  10. Major Movements • Flexion : 120-150° • Extension : 5-10° • Internal rotation : 10° • External rotation : 30-40°

  11. Physical Examination • Insepction : The knee should be examined for: • Baker's cyst • genu recurvatum • Valgus deformity (knock-kneed) • Varus deformity (bowlegged)

  12. Physical Examination • Palpation : • Temperature change • joint line tenderness

  13. Physical Examination • Motion : • The patient should be asked to move their knee • Full range of motion is 0-135 degrees • examination of crepitus : clicking of the joint with motion

  14. Physical Examination The physician places one hand at the lateral aspect of the knee joint and the other hand at the medial aspect of the distal tibia. Next, valgus or varusstress is applied to the knee at both zero degrees (full extension) and 30 degrees of flexion.

  15. MCL Sprain The most usual cause of a sprained MCL is force applied to the outside of the knee, which pushes the knee inwards and beyond its normal range of motion. This is an injury often sustained during contact sports.

  16. Sprained MCL Symptoms • Pain at the inside of the knee • Swelling • Instability of the knee joint • Perhaps a popping sound heard at the moment of injury

  17. MCL Sprain Diagnosis • Medical history • Physical examination • An x-ray image might be taken to rule out a bone fracture • MRI scan might be needed to better view the soft tissues of the ligaments.

  18. MCL Sprain Treatment Injuries to the MCL usually respond to conservative treatment, and surgery is rarely required. • ice pack • Resting the knee joint • bandage and Bracing • Elevating the knee above the level of the heart • Taking pain medication such as NSAIDs

  19. MCL Tear An injury to the MCL may occur as an isolated injury, or it may be part of a complex injury to the knee. Other ligaments, most commonly the ACL, or the meniscus, may be torn along with a MCL injury.

  20. Symptoms • Pain • Swelling • Limitation of knee motion • positive valgus stress test

  21. Diagnosis • Simple Radiography • Stress Film • Ant. Graphy in Abd

  22. Treatment • Cast • Brace • Surgery

  23. LCL Tear Tears to the lateral collateral ligament most often occur from a direct blow to the inside of the knee

  24. Symptoms • Pain • Swelling • Limitation of knee motion • positive varusstress test • Weakness in the foot may occur if the peroneal nerve, which is near the ligament is stretched during the injury or is pressed by swelling in surrounding tissues (Drop foot)

  25. Treatment • Rest • Anti-Inflammatory Medications • Ice Applications • Knee Exercises

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