1 / 13

Chapter 16.3 Advances in Genetics

Chapter 16.3 Advances in Genetics. Mr. Perez. Impacts of Biotechnology. Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms Example of biotechnology include Genetic Engineering

mandy
Download Presentation

Chapter 16.3 Advances in Genetics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 16.3Advances in Genetics Mr. Perez

  2. Impacts of Biotechnology • Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms • Example of biotechnology include • Genetic Engineering • Inbreeding (crossing two individuals with very similar desirable traits) • Hybridization (crossing two genetically different individuals) • Cloning • Individuals, society and the environment can all benefit from biotechnology. But, just like all new technologies, biotechnology can also pose a threat.

  3. Impact on Individuals • Biotechnology allows scientists to learn about and develop treatments for human diseases • Genetically engineered animals can produce new drugs or proteins that would be useful in medicine • DNA testing could be used to predict an individuals chances of developing an inheritable disease A protein found in jellyfish that expresses bioluminescence was place in the DNA of these pigs.

  4. Impact on Society • Biotechnology has: • Created new jobs (medical and agricultural) • Cheapened the cost of medicines • Produced better tasting and more resilient crops • Cheapened the cost of produce

  5. Impact on the Environment • Due to the genetically enhanced crops, many beneficial insects have been harmed which affects the population sizes of certain species of animals (both good and bad) • However, genetically enhanced crops require less water, land and pesticides which allows farmers to conserve their resources and reduce chemicals that make it into the Earth

  6. Genetic Engineering • Remember: Chromosomes are made of genes that are made of DNA. • Through genetic engineering: • Scientists are experimenting with biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of DNA that make up genes • Large quantities of medicines are made • Crop production is being improved (plants resistant to disease)

  7. Recombinant DNA • One method of genetic engineering is recombinant DNA • Recombinant DNA is made by inserting a useful segment of DNA into a bacterium (as seen in the figure below) • Could help treat: Diabetes, dwarfism, and cancer

  8. Gene Transfer (gene therapy) • Another application of genetic engineering is gene transfer (gene therapy) • The goal of gene transfer is to replace abnormal genetic material with normal genetic material • Steps • Normal DNA or RNA placed in virus • Virus transfers DNA or RNA to target cells • Could help treat: cystic fibrosis, cancer, heart disease and certain infectious diseases

  9. Genetically Engineered Plants • Selective breeding (or artificial selection) is the process of selecting organisms with the most desired traits and breeding them • Genetically engineered plants is a way to improve crop production • Example: Scientists recently have made genetically engineered tomatoes with a gene that allows tomatoes to be picked green and trans- ported great distances before they ripen completely. • In the future, certain crops may be genetically altered to deter insects (insect will not want to eat them) • http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.gen.btcorn/

  10. Cloning • Cloning: the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another • Two methods of cloning: • Artificial embryo twinning • Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning/

  11. Class Activity • In your notes, make a two column table. On one side, discuss the benefits of cloning on the other, the drawbacks of cloning. • Read together: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20010809thursday.html • Watch: Eyes of Nye on Cloning • Class discussion

  12. Videos • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/genes/reproductionandcloningact.shtml • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4vOPaonZng

  13. Resources • http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2001/08/09/replicating-controversy/ • Florida Science Grade 8 • Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing • Google Images • http://ocas.pearsonschool.com/ph/cd/0-13-316655-4/?token=53616c7465645f5fa711bcf6a34d48e46868a90b41e0d64020363ecd9a43d80c5f164e38ccf114c749637462910f9bbe6ea2006af44236b8ff0269119ff4494764ca39dff3f9dc9f

More Related