WORLD HISTORY

1. 5 ERA WORLD HISTORY Increased Hemispheric Interaction 500ish - 1500

2. Introduction In this era the various regions of Eurasia and Africa became more firmly interconnected than at any time in history. The sailing ships that crossed the wide sea basins of the Eastern Hemisphere carried a greater volume and variety of goods than ever before. In fact, the chain of seas extending across the hemisphere came to form a single interlocking network of maritime trade. WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

3. Introduction In the same centuries caravan traffic crossed the Inner Asian steppes and the Sahara desert more frequently. As trade and travel intensified so did cultural exchanges and encounters, presenting local societies with a profusion of new opportunities and dangers. By the end of this era, the Eastern Hemisphere constituted a single zone of intercommunication possessing a unified history of its own. Our global view presents three areas of focus for this time: WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

4. Introduction The Emergence of Europe After the fall of Rome, Europe experienced remarkable growth. Western and Central Europe emerged as a new center of Christian civilization, expanding in agricultural production, population, commerce, and military might. Powerful European states presented a new challenge to the civilizations in the Mediterranean world. At the same time Europe was drawn into the commercial economy and cultural interchange of the hemisphere. WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

5. Introduction The Resurgence of the Orient At the opposite side of the hemisphere, the Orient, especially China, experienced a burst of technological innovation, commercialization, and urbanization, emerging as the largest economy in the world. The prosperity and success of China drew the attention of Europe, linking the two regions across the hemisphere. WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

6. Introduction The Mongol Dominance The Mongols under Chinggis Khan created the largest land empire the world had ever seen. The Mongol warlords intruded in one way or another on the lives of almost all peoples of Eurasia. The conquests were terrifying, but the stabilizing of Mongol rue led to a century of fertile commercial and cultural interchange across the continent. Eurasian unification, however, had a disastrous consequence in the 14th century—the Black Death and its attendant social impact on the two continents. WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION

7. Introduction Population growth in specific locales negatively impacted the environment; many people migrated to new locations Migrating groups moved into other groups’ territories, forcing them to go elsewhere Migrating groups introduced new plants and animals into their new homes Migrations diffused technologies for farming, warfare, and crafts Migrations diffused languages, styles of living, and arts WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION Population Growth & Migration

9. Vikings Mongols Germanic Tribes Turkic Groups Chinese Arabs Bantu-Speaking People of Africa People of Oceania

10. Introduction New ruling groups built on the foundations of earlier states and empires Wars led to destruction but also produced new inventions Strong governments protected trade routes and stabilized economies Royal courts were patrons of science, religion, and the arts Large states brought together many ethnic, language, and religious groups WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION States & Empires

11. Frankish Kingdoms Avar Kingdom Parhae Yamoto Japan Byzantine Empire Sassanid Empire Sui China Silla Harsha’ Empire Chalukya Ghana Axum States and Empires in 600 CE

12. Carolingian Parhae Byzantine Cordoba Caliphate Silla Gurjara-Pratihara Tang China Heian Japan Abbasid Caliphate Ghana Axum Srivijaya States and Empires in 800CE

13. Scandanavian Kingdoms Russia England Poland H.R.E. Mongol Empire France Hungary Spain Rum Koryo Portugal Almohad Caliphate Sung China Kamakura Japan Ayyubid Caliphate Delhi Sultanate Mali Angkor Ethiopia Oyo Benin Zimbabwe States and Empires in 1237 CE

14. Union of Kalmar Russian States ScotlandEngland Poland-Lithuania Khanate of the Golden Horde Jagatai Khanate Holy Roman Empire France Hungary Portugal Castile Ottoman Emp. Korea Timurid Empire Ashikaga Japan Granada Ming China Marinids Hafsids Mamluk Sultanate Mali Ethiopia Siam Oyo Benin Vijayanagara Zanj City-States Majapahit Zimbabwe States and Empires in 1400 CE

15. Introduction As cities grew, so did the trade networks between them Trade helped spread religions, languages, ideas, and arts Trade stimulated the use of natural resources Banks, credit, and money systems encouraged regional and long distance trade WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION Trade Networks

17. Introduction Universal faiths gave members a sense of community beyond political, class or ethnic identities Religious scholars gathered and recorded knowledge and founded institutions of learning The spread of religions stimulated production and exchange of arts, literature, philosophy, and the science WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION Ideas & Beliefs

18. Astrolabe Stirrup Lateen sail Introduction The pace of innovation increased—both in depth and breadth Manufacturing and farming productivity increased People’s diets and health improved Sea travel and transport webs became thicker WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTION Agricultural & Technical Diffusion

20. Text and Images for Introduction Slides 1-18 adapted from Cohen, Sharon and Douglass, Susan. “Panorama Teaching Unit: Patterns of Interregional Unity, 300-1500 CE.” World History for Us All. San Diego State University in collaboration with the National Center for History in the Schools. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/.