1 / 34

Good Morning  The Cold War Get your composition book

Good Morning  The Cold War Get your composition book. Warm-Up. What did your group decide to do with Germany and Japan?. Cold War. 1946-1990 Era of confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. Disagreement over Germany.

mansell
Download Presentation

Good Morning  The Cold War Get your composition book

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Good Morning The Cold WarGet your composition book

  2. Warm-Up What did your group decide to do with Germany and Japan?

  3. Cold War • 1946-1990 • Era of confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States

  4. Disagreement over Germany Soviets’ refusal to honor Declaration of Liberated Europe (Yalta Conference) Soviet actions in Poland: no intention of holding free elections Events that led to the Cold War Potsdam Conference: Soviets reluctant to accept US demands; felt bullied by successful a-bomb testing Communist victory in China Differences & tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

  5. The Iron Curtain

  6. SECURITY Concerned about being invaded twice in less than 30 years by the Germans = keep Germany weak and create buffer states (satellite nations) Communist ECONOMIC Capitalist Concerned about economic problems Promote Democracy + free enterprise = promote economic growth by increasing world trade Soviet Views vs. American Views SOVIET VIEW AMERICAN VIEW

  7. Activity: Document Response How did American foreign policy interests and goals change between 1949 and 1963?

  8. Containment • To keep something from spreading • Containment of communist expansion was a central principle of United States' foreign policy from 1947 to the 1975

  9. Efforts at Containment

  10. Gave basis for providing military and economic support to nations threatened by communism Used in Greece and Turkey Provided aid in terms of money, supplies, and machinery to Western European countries trying to rebuild their economy and resist communism = And happy people just do not want to be communist... Containment TRUMAN DOCTRINE MARSHALL PLAN

  11. Stalin blockaded Berlin after allied zones merged in Germany Airlift supplies for 11 months until Stalin lifts the blockade = determination to promote freedom and resist communism North Atlantic Treaty Organization Mutual defense pact with US, Canada, and W. Europe = demonstration of combined military strength to Stalin  forms Warsaw Pact with Communist nations Containment THE BERLIN AIRLIFT NATO

  12. “Hot Spot” Communist N. Korea invaded S. Korea = Truman’s call to the UN to push them back Limited War = no expansion into China 1946 Cracked Soviet spy code = read messages between Moscow & US  confirmed existence of extensive Soviet spying Containment KOREAN WAR PROJECT VENONA

  13. Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies

  14. Eisenhower’s New Look "More bang for the buck"

  15. Strategies for Containing Communism Strong Economy Nuclear weapons for massive retaliation brinkmanship Covert operations

  16. Economy • The US had to show the world that free enterprise could produce a better more prosperous society than communism • Economic prosperity would prevent communism from gaining support

  17. Massive Retaliation • Threaten to use nuclear weapons if Communists tried to seize a territory by force • Required new technology to deliver nuclear weapons

  18. Success of Massive Retaliation • Military spending was cut from $50 billion to $34 billion. • Cut army personnel • Increased America’s nuclear arsenal 1,000 bombs 18,000 bombs

  19. Brinkmanship • The willingness to go to the brink of nuclear war to force the other side to back down • Korean War: hinted to China = armistice • Taiwan Crisis: any attempts by China to invade Taiwan would be resisted by the US… HINT, HINT… we have nuclear weapons! • The Suez Crisis: the Egyptians seized the Suez Canal causing the British and French to retaliate = Soviet threat to attacks on Britain and France... US responds… you use yours, we will use ours… pressure causes Britain and France to back down = diplomatic victory for SU as Arab nations begin accepting their aid

  20. Covert Action • Hidden operations conducted by the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) • Developing nations to overthrow anti-American leaders and replace them with pro-American leaders

  21. The Cold War on the Homefront

  22. The New Red Scare • Feared Communists would take over the world

  23. Causes of the New Red Scare (1)Gouzenko Case: Sept., 1945 • Implication: spies already in our government • Search for spies leads to general fear of Communist subversion - effort to secretly weaken a society & overthrow its government

  24. Two Immediate Effects • Loyalty Review Program: Truman, 1947 • All federal employees to be screened for loyalty to US • HUAC: FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, 1947 • Went before House Un-American Committee • Loyalty Review Program not enough…. …demanded public hearings on Communist subversion • Hearings would expose Communists, & “sympathizers”

  25. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties. • Through its power to subpoena witness and hold people in contempt of Congress, HUAC often pressured witnesses to surrender names and other information that could lead to the apprehension of Communists and Communist sympathizers. • Its most famous investigation revealed that Alger Hiss, a former State Department official, had lied to them about having "ever been a Communist."

  26. Causes of the New Red Scare (2)Alger Hiss Trial: 1948 • Alger Hiss accused of being a Communist spy • “Pumpkin Papers"—several prints of State Department documents from the 1930s. • The pumpkin papers were introduced against Hiss in a perjury trial, at which he was accused of lying about having passed State Department papers to Chambers. • Venona decrypts declassified and gave indication that “Ales” could only have been Alger Hiss.

  27. Causes of the New Red Scare (3) The Rosenbergs • Americans: Soviets couldn’t have produced atomic bomb in ‘49 without help…let’s look for the spies • 1950: Clues from Albert Fuchs, British scientist, led FBI to Ethel & Julius Rosenberg • Accused of passing info to Soviets on building plutonium bomb • Little physical evidence convicted them; put to death in 1953

  28. The Rosenberg’s Sentencing Excerpts I believe your conduct in putting into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb years before our best scientists predicted Russia would perfect the bomb has already caused, in my opinion, the Communist aggression in Korea, with the resultant casualties exceeding 50,000 and who knows but that millions more of innocent people may pay the price of your treason. Indeed, by your betrayal you undoubtedly have altered the course of history to the disadvantage of our country. We have evidence of your treachery all around us every day — for the civilian defense activities throughout the nation are aimed at preparing us for an atom bomb attack.

  29. Causes of the New Red Scare (4) The Hydrogen Bomb • 1953: Soviets test bigger bomb: the H-bomb • Now, Americans afraid of nuclear war

  30. Effect • Schools set aside areas as bomb shelters • “duck-and-cover drills”- bomb drills where kids hid under desks, covering head with hands • Fallout shelters: built in backyards, under homes • Stocked with canned foods, water, batteries, etc.

  31. The Red Scare Spreads • Joseph R. McCarthy begins witch-hunt for suspected Communists • McCarthyism: buzz word for damaging reputations with unfounded charges, based on flimsy evidence & irrational fears

  32. McCarthyism • Public accusation that more than two hundred “card-carrying” communists had infiltrated the United States government. • The House Un-American Activities Committee had been formed in 1938 as an anti-Communist organ. • The paranoid hunt for infiltrators was notoriously difficult on writers and entertainers, many of whom were labeled communist sympathizers and were unable to continue working. • The trials often destroy a career with a single unsubstantiated accusation. • In all, three hundred and twenty artists were blacklisted including, Arthur Miller, Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, and Charlie Chaplin.

  33. Effect • The McCarran Internal Security Act • Now illegal to do anything that would “substantially contribute to establishment of a totalitarian government • Communist organizations must register with US attorney general & publish their records • Restricted Communist Party members • Allowed arrest, detention of Communists & sympathizers... Truman vetoed bill, but Congress overrides in 1950 • Later, Supreme Court rulings made sure McCarran Act was not effective

  34. Cause and Effect of the Cold War EFFECTS • Marshall Plan provides aid to W. Europe and Japan • W. nations form NATO; Communist nations = Warsaw Pact • Korean War erupts • American and Soviet arms race • Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in the US CAUSES • Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after World War II • Chinese Communists win control of mainland China • US and Soviet Union explode atomic bombs

More Related