Elizabethan Era 1485-1603 Late 15 th and early 16 th century

1. Elizabethan Era1485-1603Late 15th and early 16th century

2. Directions: Take Cornell NotesTitle: Elizabethan Era Heading Information and pictures provided on the website. Vocabulary Information and pictures provided on the website. Dates Information and pictures provided on the website. *Write down the definitions of new words and highlight them. Summary

3. Government • Much of Elizabeth’s success was in balancing the interests of the Puritans and the Catholics. She managed to offend neither to a large extent. • England was also well-off compared to the other nations of Europe. • Queen Elizabeth started her reign at the age of 25. • Her leadership allowed England to prosper. She changed the country from backwards to confident. She grew the nation and increased the navy that protected England throughout the Renaissance.

4. Video Clip • If the video doesn’t play automatically go to the Hamlet file and play the video titled: England under Queen Elizabeth_4.avi

5. Fashions/Clothing At the beginning of this period, ladies gowns were modest. They had ruffled sleeves (symbolizing upper class), and a V-shaped waist. The dresses were made to show of small waists and square shoulders. Later, the ruffled sleeves were turned to tight sleeves, and the V-shaped waist transformed into a straight waist.

6. Fashions/Clothing • Women’s hair was always swept up, either in a snood (a gathered bag in the back, covering the hair, or in a popular heart-shaped style, which from the front looks like to little cones sticking out from either side of your hair. Queen Elizabeth wore this hairstyle for many of her portraits.

7. Fashions/Clothing • Men wore vest-like shirts called jerkins, and knee length pants that puffed out. Nobles wore fine leather shoes and either a velvet hat, silk hat, a tall feathery hat, or a tall fabric hat. Later on, the fashion was to wear long, billowing cloaks fastened with a pendant of chain. The hats changed to beaver hats or hats with a plume sticking out jauntily on one side. Silk stockings were added to the pants.

8. Working Class Clothing Breeches Kerchief Chemise Kirtle Apron

9. Working Class Clothing Bodice

10. Working Class Clothing Jerkin Doublet Breeches

11. Working Class Clothing ParletKirtle HeaddressParlet

12. Farthingale: structures used under to support the skirts into the desired shape Men’s Shoes Women’s Shoes

13. The Elizabethan view of pure beauty was a woman with light hair and a snow white complexion complimented with red cheeks and lips.

14. V-shaped waist V-shaped waist

15. Elizabethan fashion was highly elaborate. Clothes were decorated with heavy embroidery and decorated with jewels, spangles, pearls.

16. Padded shoulder sleeves

17. Semi cartwheel ruff with figure-of-eight lace High collar figure-of-eight ruff

18. Clothes were designed with a layered approach requiring assistance in dressing from servants. Upper class fashions were tight, hot and uncomfortable.

19. Deep figure-of-eight ruff Cartwheel ruff with lace Aristocrats

20. Capotain: tall grey hat with a feather Aristocrats Cloak

21. Livery Collar: heavy chain, usually of gold, worn as insignia of office Aristocrats

22. Cloak Plume Jerkin Codpiece: a flap or pouch that attaches to the front of the crotch

23. Children’s ClothingChildren had to wear the same clothes as adults.

24. Children’s Clothing

25. Children’s Clothing

26. Children’s Clothing Coif Coif Coif: a close fitting cap to keep hair in place.

27. Fashions/Clothing • Elizabethans were not allowed to wear what clothes they liked. Their clothing and items of apparel were dictated by the Elizabethan Sumptuary Laws which governed the style and materials worn! • The penalties for violating Sumptuary Laws could be harsh - fines, the loss of property, title and even life!

28. Clothing Video If the video clip doesn’t play automatically go to your Hamlet file and play the video titled Shakespearean clothing_7.avi (5min. 32 sec.)

29. Crime and Punishment • People were shamed publicly in front of large crowds. • Some punishments were done by the crowds. For example, the picture to the left people would walk by and spit on the prisoner. • Punishments were severe and often meant death for the prisoner.

30. Health • England during the Elizabethan Era did not give its people a high standard of health. Various diseases and food problems emerged which made life difficult for them.

31. Health • The serious lack of sanitation in Elizabethan England, especially in big cities, gave rise to many diseases endangering the lives of the people in England. Streets were filled with rotting garbage, sewers were blocked and rivers were contaminated by domestic waste. Epidemic diseases became increasingly common due to the growth of pests such as rats, fleas and lice, and were especially prevalent among children due to their high susceptibility to diseases.

32. Health • Treatment: • Advanced medicine did not exist back in the 16th century, therefore people sought for basic remedies to various illnesses usually by making their own medicine and potions using herbs and plants. Most people also preferred home medicine and household remedy as they were much cheaper than seeing doctors and physicians. • People also tried to treat diseases using methods based on their superstitious beliefs. For example, some believed that the use of magic and gemstones could cure mental illnesses and emotional discomfort. Astrology was also widely practiced.

33. The average lifespan of an adult male was 47 years, while the life expectancy of people in London was 35 years for the richer ones, and only 25 years for the less affluent ones. Death in infancy or early childhood was common. Also, about 40% of the people died before their middle teenage years. An appointment with a qualified doctor would cost one gold coin, equivalent to 10 shillings Using the retail price index, 10 shillings from 1560 is worth $1346.52 in 2006, which was very expensive under common standards during the 16th century and was therefore almost entirely exclusive to the royalty, nobles and the rich. Health

34. coarse bread of barley or rye (largest portion of the diet) fish cheese vegetables. fine white bread the rich considered food from the ground as lowly (carrots, potatoes, etc.) beef pork lamb fowl salmon eel shellfish. Health Food the Poor Ate Food the Wealthy Ate

35. Daily Life

36. Entertainment/Hobbies • There were many different types of Elizabethan sports and entertainment: • Feasts  • A large, elaborately prepared meal, usually for many persons and often accompanied by court entertainment. Often celebrated religious festivals • Banquets  • A ceremonial dinner honouring a particular guest • Fairs  • The Annual Summer Fair was often a bawdy affair • Plays  • Started as plays enacted in town squares followed by the actors using the courtyards of taverns or inns (referred to as Inn-yards) followed by the first theatres (great open air amphitheatres built in the same style as the Roman Coliseum) and then the introduction of indoor theatres called Playhouses • Mystery Plays  • Re-enactment of stories from the Bible • Festivals  • Celebrating Church festivals

37. Entertainment/Hobbies • Jousts / Tournaments  • A series of tilted matches between knights • Games and Sports  • Sports and games which included archery, bowling, cards, dice, hammer-throwing, quarter-staff contests, quoits, skittles and wrestling • Animal Sports  • Included bear and bull baiting, and dog and cock fighting • Hunting  • Sport followed by the nobility often using dogs • Hawking  • Sport followed by the nobility with hawks (otherwise known as falconry)

38. Language ANTICK = the fool in the old plays BODIKIN = an oath (Today: “I swear”) 'Od's Bodikin,' God's little Body CALIVER = a hand-gun DROLLERY = a puppet-show ENGLUT = to swallow speedily FET = fetched GAST = frightened HOISE = to hoist, heave up on high INLY = inward LOWT = a clown NEELD = a needle OPE = open QUICKEN = to come to life STIGMATICAL = deformed TREACHERS = traitors