Era of Good Feelings

1. Era of Good Feelings James Monroe

2. Era of Good Feelings • After the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride. • Americans felt more loyalty toward the United States than toward their state or region. (Nationalism)

3. Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride Era of Good Feelings James Monroe: 5th President Political & Economic Nationalism Develops

4. Nationalism: Love for one’s country

5. Love for one’s region or section of a country Sectionalism:

6. Economic Nationalism • American leaders worked to bind the nation together by creating a new national bank, protecting American manufacturers and improving transportation in order to link the country together.(American System) • Earlier, revenue tariffs provided income for the federal government. • The Tariff of 1816 was a protective tariff that helped American manufacturers by taxing imports to drive up their prices.

7. Economic Nationalism: Henry Clay: “American System” Goal: To strengthen the American economy How? Improved Transportation NationalBank Protective Tariffs

8. Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans National Bank

9. Protective Tariff Allows American businesses to grow Tax on imports

10. Improved Transportation: Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster Canals Roads Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe

11. Economic Nationalism • Why did American leaders want to create the Second Bank of the United States, impose a protective tariff, and improve the nation’s transportation system? • They wanted to unify the nation.

12. American System Developed by Congressman Henry Clay

13. Judicial Nationalism • The decision in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee helped establish the Supreme Court as the nation’s court of final appeal. • The decision in McCulloch v. Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the US; doctrine of “implied powers” provided Congress more flexibility to enact legislation(necessary and proper clause); states could not tax national institutions. • The decision in Gibbons v. Ogden, defined interstate commerce to mean that anything crossing state boundaries came under federal control

14. Marshall Court Decisions McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax National Programs? 1) States cannot tax the national government National Government over State Governments 2) National Bank was legal Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers National Bank

15. Gibbons v. Ogden Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation? NY State gives steamboat ferry monopoly to Ogden A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)

16. Political: Foreign Policy Nationalist Goals: Establish presence in world affairs Expand & secure borders

17. Adams – Onis Treaty Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States

18. Nationalism • Nationalism in the United States influenced the nation to expand its borders and assert itself in world affairs. • Spain ceded all of Florida to the US in the Adams-Onis Treaty. • The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin American political affairs.

19. 5th President James Monroe The Monroe Doctrine • Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization • European interference in Western hemisphere viewed as a threat to its security • The US would not interfere in European wars or colonies

20. Monroe Doctrine America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

21. The Monroe Doctrine

22. Improved Transportation: Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster Canals Roads Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe

23. Revolution in Transportation • In the early 1800’s, a transportation revolution, including the construction of the Erie Canal, occurred in the Northern states. • This led to great social and economic changes. • In 1807 the steamboat called the Clermont, designed by Robert Fulton, traveled upstream on the Hudson River. • Steamboats made river travel more reliable and upstream travel possible.

24. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont

25. Revolution in Transportation • Railroads were built in America in the early 1800’s and helped settle the West and expand trade among the nation’s regions. • Why were railroads the most influential method of transportation in America in the 1800’s? • Trains traveled faster than stagecoaches or wagons and they could go anywhere that track was laid.

26. Demands of the National Economy promotes the “Transportation Revolution” Roads Canals Steamboats Trains

27. Turnpikes (Toll Roads): - Built by private companies from 1800 -1825 - Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley

29. Example of an Old Road

30. Erie Canal “Clinton’s Big Ditch” Opened in 1825 - Linked New York City with New Orleans

31. Erie Canal

33. Erie Canal – 363 Miles long; 4 feet deep Buffalo to New York – 10 Days

34. Steamboats: Faster river travel

35. Most important change of the Transportation Revolution Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals Trains:

36. Changes in Transportation

37. A New System of Production • The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1700’s. • Industry developed quickly in the United States in the early 1800’s. • Important factors included free enterprise and the passage of general incorporation laws. The most important reason was private property rights. • Industrialization began in the Northeast, where there were swift-flowing streams used to power the factories.

38. Industrialization Northeast Factory System expands: Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System” Machine: “Spinning Jenny” Factors that lead to industrialization:

39. - Rivers and streams - Capital resources - Poor agricultural conditions - Large labor supply

40. Lowell System All in one production facility “Factory Girls” New England becomes the center of textile production

41. A New System of Production • In 1814 Francis C. Lowell opened several textile mills in northeastern Massachusetts. He started mass production of cotton cloth in the United States. • Eli Whitney developed the idea of interchangeable parts in the gun-making industry. • Machines were able to produce large amounts of identical pieces that workers assembled into finished good.

42. A New System of Production • Samuel F. B. Morseperfected the telegraph in 1832. • He developed the Morse code for sending messages. • Spurred by journalists, more than 50,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country by 1860.

43. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

44. Economic Nationalism leads to Sectional Specialization The United States was growing: The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States Each section develops own unique economy

45. The Rise of Large Cities • Industrialization in the US in the early to mid-1800’s caused many people to move from farms and villages to cities in search of factory jobs and higher wages. • Many city populations doubled or tripled. • During the early 1800’s, agriculture was the country’s leading economic activity. • Most people were employed in farming until the late 1800’s.

46. Family Farm • Farming was more important in the South than in the North because there was little manufacturing there. • As the North began to focus on manufacturing, the South’s economy continued to depend on agriculture and slavery. • Farming employed more people and producedmore wealth than any other kind of work.

47. Diversified Farming West Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys - Attracts people from the east and Europe

48. Small farms give way to specialized farms Wheat: - Northern Plains Corn and Livestock: -Ohio River Valley Tobacco: - Kentucky

49. Northeastern Needs: Southern Cotton Western food

50. Southern Needs: Northern Manufactured Goods Western Food