Developments in Great Britain

1. Developments in Great Britain Araceli Perez Noel Lewin Crystal Chau

2. Prompt Discuss three developments that enabled Great Britain to achieve a dominant economic position between 1700 and 1830.

3. Necessary Steps • Identify the 3 developments that helped Great Britain establish a prosperous economy • Find evidence to support the conclusion • Look within the 1700-1830 time period

4. Timeline • 1701: JethroTull invents the seed drill • 1701: Act of Settlement decides the succession of the monarchy after William III • 1707:English and Scottish Parliaments unite with the Act of Union • 1713: Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession • 1733: The "Flying Shuttle" invented by John Kay • 1756: Declaration of war against France opens the Seven Years War • 1764: James Hargreaves invents the "Spinning Jenny • 1777: James Watt perfects the Steam Engine • 1805: Battle of Trafalgar and Nelsons death • 1808: Peninsular War begins East India Docks opened • 1815: Beginning of a commercial boom • 1835:Commercial boom - Major increase in railway building begins

5. Thesis Statement • By enhancing agriculture thru advanced farming technology, expanding industry with new means of transportation, and keeping financial interests regulated, Great Britain achieved dominant economics position between 1700 and 1830.

6. Agricultural Revolution • Topic Sentence • The agricultural revolution used improved methods of cultivation and stock rising, which lead to farming on a large-scale that was more productive and faster, increasing the Britain’s profit. • Evidence • Crop rotation, growing a series of different types of crops in the same area, helped replenish soil and improve soil structure. With healthier soil, crop’s and plant’s yield increased. • Instead of planting seeds by hand, large landowners started using the seed drill that was introduced by JethroTull that sowed the seeds in neat rows. The seed drill meant less work for farmers, quicker planting seeds, and overall more was more efficient. • Farmers started breeding large sheep and fatter cattle by making the fattest, largest animals reproduce so that their offspring would carry their traits. Larger and fatter animals provided more meat and therefore more money for landowners. • Relation to Thesis • Relate to thesis: Crop rotation, inventions like the seed drill, and breeding larger, fatter animals all contributed in higher yields in crops and livestock as they provided easier means to make both crops and meat. As the food supply increased, so did the nation’s profit.

7. Industrial Revolution • Topic Sentence • The industrial revolution was a major innovator in machinery that all helped Britain create more equipment and tools as well as better means of transportation, expanding their industries. As Britain produced a surplus of goods and forms of transportation, they were able to make a profit of those goods by selling them to other nations while still being able to feed Britain. • Evidence • Steam engines are heat engines that perform mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines fueled all early locomotives, steam boats, pumps, factories, and railroads. Steam engines provided for several means of transportation, so goods and supplies could be transported from place to place. Steam engines also powered factories that gave jobs to most of the urban population. • The water frame involved three sets of paired rollers that turned at different speeds. The rollers produced thick yarn and the set of spindles twisted the fibers together. The water frame produced thread at extremely quick rates that was better quality. The thread contributed to the cotton industry which later made up half of all British exports. • Relation to Thesis • Steam engines and water frames helped Britain create a surplus of goods and better means of transportation. The steam engines provided for the creation of more factories and means of transportation, while the water frames lead to the success of the cotton industry which later made up half of Britain’s exports. They contributed to the expansion of industries such as the railroad and cotton industries. The expansion of such industries meant more money and greater wealth for Britain.

8. Political System • Topic Sentence • Through political changes, Britain achieved political stability and created peace. As Britain worked alongside other countries and maintained peace at homeland, there was more trade allowing Britain to earn great profits from selling their goods in foreign countries. • Evidence • Britain made the world’s first central bank that lent money to the government to pay for construction of warships and arranged loans. The Bank of England made most of its money from the insurance known as Lloyds. The Bank of England also served as a commercial bank that dealt with financing for trade and bills overseas. The bank brought economic stability to Britain because it allowed Britain to which allowed them to arrange loans persuading other countries to trade with them. • Britain was a constitutional monarchy which meant that larger groups of people were involved in selecting political representatives and national policy making decisions. The more people involved in decision-making and through separation of power, representatives constantly checked on each other which led to less corruption and misuse of money. • Britain had a global supremacy in world’s seas due to their large navy. Britain maintained superiority at sea as British marines protected British alliances and commerce. Britain also improved the size and quality of ships. The Royal Navy increased from 105 in mid-century to 195 in 1790. • Relation to Thesis • Through the Bank of England, constitutional monarchy, and global supremacy in world’s seas, Britain protected their interests. Britain protected their interests by financing for trade, arranging loans, tracking bills, avoiding corruption, and protecting alliances. The following allowed Britain to accomplish world trade and stability at home which led to great profit and alliances with other countries.