Warm Up: Take out homework. Then…. How many times more H + does lemon juice (pH 2) have than ammonia (pH 11)?

1. Warm Up:Take out homework. Then….How many times more H+ does lemon juice (pH 2) have than ammonia (pH 11)? Homework: read section 2-3 and outline QUIZ FRIDAY!!!

2. THE MOLECULES OF LIFE: 4. Nucleic Acids 1. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 2. Proteins

3. Organic Chemistry • Organic compound = compound that contains carbon

5. What is so special about carbon??? • 4 valence electrons . . . • So it can have 4 covalent bonds

7. Terms • Macromolecules: The 4 molecules of life are called macromolecules (largest) • Monomer = building blocks- 1 unit (smallest) • Polymer = compound made up of smaller monomers- more than 1 unit. (middle)

8. Functional groups Hydroxyl Group -OH Carboxyl Group -COOH Carbonyl Group -CO Amino Group -NH2 They are the non-hydrocarbon part of the molecule They are clusters of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules they compose

10. 1. Carbohydrates! • Contain: C, H, and O • Function: • Source of Energy • Functional groups: • -OH (hydroxyl) • -CO (carbonyl)

11. 1. Carbohydrates! (continued) • Monomer • = Monosaccharide • (simple sugar) Skip 7 lines • Polymer = Disaccharides and polysaccharides

12. Monomer:*Monosaccharide • simple sugars • contain C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio • Example: 2 1 1 C6H12O6 http://www.insideweightloss.info/blog/diet-tips-%E2%80%93-all-about-sugar/ Glucose Fructose Galactose = fuel for cells = sweetest = milk sugar

14. Isomer= compounds with the SAME chemical formula, but different structural formulas Example: glucose, fructose, and galactose are all isomers of each other . . . C6H12O6

15. Polymer:*Disaccharide • Is a double sugar formed when 2 monosaccharides combine in a dehydration synthesis rxn Maltose Sucrose Lactose = glucose + glucose = glucose + fructose = glucose + galactose

16. Condensation reaction –or– Dehydration synthesis = Reaction that links smaller molecules together to make a larger molecule by removing water

17. Hydrolysis = Reaction that breaks apart larger molecules by adding water (Essential Process for digestion) Fructose

18. Warm Up:Take out homework. Then….Write down two facts about carbohydrates.List 2 monomers and 2 polymers. Homework:carbohydrates practice QUIZ FRIDAY!!!

19. Polymer:*Polysaccharide • Is a complex molecule made of 3 or more monosaccharides starch glycogen cellulose = sugar storage in plants = sugar storage in animals (in muscles) = structural component to plant cells (cell wall) Fiber!!

21. BRAIN POP!!!!

22. Warm Up:Take out homework. Then….Review quietly for 5 minutes. Homework: Proteins practice, food label

23. 2. Proteins • Contain: C, H, O, and N • Determination: • Sequence of aa determined by DNA code

24. 2. Proteins • Functions: Storage ( albumin – egg white) Transport (hemoglobin) Regulates genes (on/off) Movement (muscles) Structure (membranes, hair, nails) Enzymes (cellular reactions)

25. 2. Proteins(continued) • Monomer • = amino acid • Polymer = protein (folded polypeptide chain)

26. Monomer: **amino acids • Contains 2 functional groups • -NH2 (amino group) and -COOH (carboxyl group) General aa structure • R-group = different for each type of amino acid • There are 20 different amino acids

28. 20 different amino acids: http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna/a/translation/aminoacids.html

29. Polymer: Protein • Amino acids join by a dehydration synthesis rxn to form dipeptides and polypeptides

30. Steps to go from aa to protein

31. Correct folding is critical. If conditions are not right (temp, pH), this process will not take place or can be reversed (denaturation) and proteins cannot funciton!

32. Protein Wordle Activity 10 sentences 8words Highlight words from wordle

33. Warm Up:Take out homework. Then….Write down 3 properties and 3 functions of proteins. Homework: Lipids practice, food label

34. 3. LIPIDs! • Contain: C, H, and O • Function: • -Membranes of cells • Stored Energy • Protection against water loss • Insulation http://www.red-spirit-energy-healing.com/essential-fats.html

35. 3. Lipids (continued) • Lipids are not typical monomers and polymers Monomer- Fatty Acid Chain - Carboxyl Group - HydroCarbon Chain

36. Fatty Acids • =long hydrocarbon chain • with carboxyl • group attached

37. Fatty Acids • --Saturated C are full of H • (no double bonds) • --Unsaturated C are NOT full of H • (double bonds)

38. 3. Lipids(continued) • Most contain (“monomer”): • Glycerol and • fatty acid Triglyceride

40. Types of Lipids (“polymers”):

41. Types of Lipids (“polymers”): Image from: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm

42. Types of Lipids (“polymers”): http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm

43. Homework: Go to online textbook. Select “you decide” from left side of page. Select unit 1: You Decide: Low-fat or Low-carb Diets — Which is Healthier? Work through all of the steps of the activity. On step 7, the last step, you will be asked to type in a response to the question. After typing your response, copy and paste it into a Word document and print it out to turn in. http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/1976/2024209/assets/YouDecide/diet.html

44. 4. Nucleic Acids • Contain: C, H, O, N, P • Function: • Store and transmit info to carry out cell processes and make protein • Transmit genetic info from one generation to the next • Functional groups: • None that we discussed

45. 4. Nucleic Acids (continued) • Monomer • = nucleotide • Sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogen base • Polymer = Nucleic acid • 2 types: • DNA • RNA Image from: http://www.yourdictionary.com/dna