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Your Chemical Senses

Your Chemical Senses. Taste and Smell. When you look at your tongue in the mirror you can see raised areas or “bumps” you are seeing papillae. . Papillae Structure. Nutrition. Cue logs due tomorrow Article on taste perception – read and summarize, due Thursday. Taste Bud Structure.

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Your Chemical Senses

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  1. Your Chemical Senses Taste and Smell

  2. When you look at your tongue in the mirror you can see raised areas or “bumps” you are seeing papillae.

  3. Papillae Structure

  4. Nutrition • Cue logs due tomorrow • Article on taste perception – read and summarize, due Thursday

  5. Taste Bud Structure • Taste buds are made of taste receptor cells • Taste receptor cells have microvilli • Sensitive, microscopic hairs on taste buds • Send chemical signals to brain • The brain interprets the signals and identifies the taste

  6. Chemoreception • Sensory receptors: the presence of certain molecules creates an action potential which is understood by the brain • Action potential: spikes of electrical charge which carry information rapidly to the brain • Neurons are specialized to use changes in membrane potential for fast communication

  7. Action Potentials • There is a difference in value or charges (voltage) across a membrane: it is said that the membrane is polarized • When the membrane potential of a cell becomes less negative than usual, we say that the cell is depolarized.

  8. Chemoreception:Salty and Sour • Salty: Na+ ions • Presence in ion channels depolarizes membrane • Sour: H+ ions • Presence in proton channel closes K+ channels, K+ can’t leave cell, depolarizes membrane

  9. Chemoreception: Bitter, Sweet, Umami • Sweet/Umami: • Substance binds with receptor, activates gustducin which activates the production of cyclic AMP • Cyclic AMP regulates Ca2+ ion channels; calcium causes neurotransmitter release; depolarizesmembrane • Bitter: • Substance binds with receptor, activates gustducin which activates phosphodiesterase; which in turn destroys cyclic AMP. • This closes K+ channels, depolarizing membrane

  10. Chemoreception

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