1 / 18

Chap 15 Chemical senses

Chap 15 Chemical senses. 日常觀察. 一些問題. 為何狗的嗅覺這麼好？ 為何冰的東西比較沒味道？ 吃和聞的味道如何 combine? Flavor = smell + taste Chemical senses are 守門員 動用情緒，回憶 阻止不好的食物進入體內，或者遠離不好的環境. 生存 溝通 Menstrual synchrony Pheromones 味道 Anosmia. Detection threshold Yes/no procedure

ron
Download Presentation

Chap 15 Chemical senses

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chap 15 Chemical senses

  2. 日常觀察 一些問題 • 為何狗的嗅覺這麼好？ • 為何冰的東西比較沒味道？ • 吃和聞的味道如何combine? Flavor = smell + taste • Chemical senses are • 守門員 • 動用情緒，回憶 • 阻止不好的食物進入體內，或者遠離不好的環境 Here comes your footer  Page 2

  3. 生存 溝通 Menstrual synchrony Pheromones 味道 Anosmia Detection threshold Yes/no procedure trials with odors along with “blank” trials This can result in bias Forced-choice one with odorant and one without Participant indicates which smells strongest 嗅覺（Olfactory system） 功能 偵測 Here comes your footer  Page 3

  4. Page 4

  5. Difference threshold 氣流影響濃度 Ofactometer Recognition threshold knowing names helps recognition 氣味難以用語言形容 嗅覺（Olfactory system） 偵測 Here comes your footer  Page 5

  6. Neural codes for olfactory quality • Olfactory mucosa is located at the top of the nasal cavity. • Odorants come in contact with the olfactory receptor neurons (ORN). Page 6

  7. Neural codes for olfactory quality • 嗅神經 (olfactory receptor neurons, ORN) • Contains olfactory receptors • 350 receptors (note: only 4 visual pigments) • But, only one olfactory receptor for one ORN Page 7

  8. Neural codes for olfactory quality • 嗅神經 (olfactory receptor neurons, ORN) • Recognition profile (類似三元色論中三種受器的激發組型的解釋） Page 8

  9. Page 9

  10. Neural codes for olfactory quality • Olfactory bulb • ORNs of a particular type send their signals to one or two glomeruli • How do the glomeruli respond to different odorants? • Optical imaging Page 10

  11. Neural codes for olfactory quality • Olfactory bulb • Uchida 等人 (2000)老鼠研究發現 • 碳鏈結愈長，激發的區域愈偏左 Page 11

  12. Neural codes for olfactory quality • Olfactory bulb • 嗅球反應是取決於分子與結構的特性 • hardwired response? e.g. cat odor Page 12

  13. Higher Level Olfactory Processing • Signals from the olfactory bulb are sent to • primary olfactory (piriform) cortex in the temporal lobe and amygdala. • Amygdala plays a role in emotional reactions to odors. • (then to) secondary olfactory (orbitofrontal) cortex in the frontal lobe.

  14. Higher order olfactory processing Here comes your footer  Page 14

  15. Higher order olfactory processing • 我們通常都同時聞到並可以分辨兩種以上的氣味 • 過去經驗影響嗅覺 • e.g. 白酒 (Morrot et al., 2001) Here comes your footer  Page 15

  16. Page 16

  17. Page 17

  18. Higher order olfactory processing • de Araujo et al. • People were exposed to a mixture of a sweat-like smell and a cheddar cheese flavoring. • On some trials, they saw the label “cheddar cheese,” and on others, the label “body odor.” • Pleasantness ratings were higher for the cheddar cheese trials . • fMRI scans showed activity in the orbitofrontal cortex to be associated with the pleasantness ratings. Here comes your footer  Page 18

More Related