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Church Reform and the Crusades

Church Reform and the Crusades. Chapter 14 Section 1. I Monastic Revival and Church Reform. 1000s saw a religious revival across Europe returning to the principles of Christianity. A. Problems in the Church. 3 main problems that troubled reformers…

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Church Reform and the Crusades

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  1. Church Reform and the Crusades Chapter 14 Section 1

  2. I Monastic Revival and Church Reform • 1000s saw a religious revival across Europe returning to the principles of Christianity

  3. A. Problems in the Church • 3 main problems that troubled reformers… • Pritest marrying and having families (against church teachins) • Simony= practice of selling church positions • Lay appointees put kings in control of church bishops • Only church should appoint bishops

  4. B. Reform Begins at Cluny • Benedictine mpnastaru in Cluny France strictly follows Benedictine rules • Other followed their examples • Cisterian monks founded and futhered reform • Reform movement that began in Cluny influenced papacy • Pope Leo IX enforces church laws against simony & marriage

  5. C. Reform and Church Organizations • In 1100s church reconstructed to resemble a kingdom w/ pope at the head • Papal Curia= popes group of advisors which doubled as ct. • Church collects tithes • Provides social services like hospitals

  6. D. Preaching Friars • Friars traveled around Europe spreading the churches idea • Same vows as monks but did not live sep. from civ. • Dominicans one of earliest orders founded who emphasize studymany scholars • Franciscans foudned by St. Francis of Assisi • Son of wealthy merchant gives up posessions to preach

  7. E. Religious Orders for Women • Women also participated in spiritual revival • Unlike men they could not travel as preachers but did take same vows

  8. II Cathedrals-Cities of God • Although friars lived in poverty, the church’s wealth could be seen in cathedrals around Europe

  9. A. A New Style of Church Architecture • 800-1100 churches built in Romanesque style • Round arched & heavy roof held up by think walls & pillars w/ small windows • Early 1100s a new style of architecture known as Gothic developed • Thrust upwards as if reaching for the heavens w/ light streaming through stained glass windows

  10. II The Crusades • Age of Faith inspired wars of conquest • Byzantine emperor asks for help in defeating Muslim Turks who were threatening to take over Constantinople • Pop Urban calls for a crusade= “Holy War” • Goal of Crusades was to recover Jerusalem & Holy Land

  11. A. Causes of the Crusading Spirit • Crusades has econ. Goal too • Many knights who participated were younger sons who did not inherit anything from their fathers • Peasants were fired up because according to Pope Urban those who died in crusade were assured place in heaven • Merchants also profited from making loans to finance Crusades • Hopes to gain control of key trade routes

  12. B. First and Second Crusades • 3 armies of knoghts assemble in Constantinople • Ill prepared (knew nothing of peog, culture, etc.) • Recaptured Jerusalemcarve up small strip of land into 4 feudal kingdoms • Vulnerable to Turkish invasion--?Edessa reconqured by Turks • 2nd Crusade to retake Edessadefeated and Jerusalem recaptured by Muslim leader Saladin

  13. C. Third and Fourth Crusades • Led by 3 of Europes most powerful nobles • 1 drowns, the other 2 get into argument and 1 of them goes homeRichard the Lionhearted left to reclaim Holy Land • Richard and Saladin reach truce in which Muslims keep control of land but Christian pilgrims could visit holy places freely • Pope Innocent begins 4th Crusade • Knights entangled in politicschurch I east (Constantinople) splits from church in west (Rome)

  14. IV The Crusading Spirit DwindlesA. a Spanish Crusade • Musims in Spain (Moors) controlled much of country until 1100s • Reconquista= effort to drive out Muslims from Spain • Muslims that hold Grenada fall to Christian army of Ferdiand & Isabella

  15. Spain has large pop. Of Jews & Muslims • Ferdinand use inquisition to unify their country under Christianity & consolidate their power • Inquisition= church tribunals to suppress heresy • Person suspected of heresy jailed, tortured, burned at stake • Expelled all practicing Jews & Muslims from Spain

  16. C. The Effects of the Crusade • Failure of the later crusades minimize pope’s power & weakened feudal nobility • Intolerance & prejudice of Crusades left legacy of bitterness still present today • Feudal kingdoms collapseChristians & Muslims benefit from expansion of trade

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