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Church Reform and the Crusades

Church Reform and the Crusades. Chapter 14 Section 1. VOCAB. Simony Urban II Crusade Saladin Richard Lionhearted Reconquista Inquisition . The Age of Faith. Problems in the Church: Some priests were illiterate; lacked moral character Church reformers were distressed by 3 main issues

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Church Reform and the Crusades

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  1. Church Reform and the Crusades Chapter 14 Section 1

  2. VOCAB • Simony • Urban II • Crusade • Saladin • Richard Lionhearted • Reconquista • Inquisition

  3. The Age of Faith • Problems in the Church: • Some priests were illiterate; lacked moral character • Church reformers were distressed by 3 main issues • 1) Many village priests were getting married • 2) Bishops sold positions in the Church, simony • 3) lay investiture gave kings power to appoint bishops

  4. The Age of Faith • New Religious Orders • 1200’s wandering friars traveled from place to place spreading Christianity • Like monks they lived a life of poverty and survived by begging • These friars were vital to the religious revival of Christianity in the Middle Ages.

  5. The Crusades • 1093 the Byzantine Emperor called for help against the Muslim Turks to protect his city • Council of Clermont 1095: • Pope Urban II issued a “holy war” or Crusade to gain control over the Holy Land • Over the next 300 years thousands of lives would be sacrificed in the name of the “Holy Land”

  6. The Crusades • Goals of the Crusades: • Economic; social; political and spiritual • Pope wants to reclaim Palestine (Holy Land) and protect the Byzantine Empire • In later crusades a great deal of money was to be made helping to finance the long journey and gaining valuable trade routes to India, Southeast Asia, and China

  7. The Crusades • 1st Crusade 1099: • Pope Urban II exclaimed all who died on the Crusade were assured a place in heaven • Sparked religious zeal and men flocked to the crusades • Crusade lead mostly by French knights • 5 weeks to control Jerusalem • Horrible massacre of the inhabitants: men, women, and children (excerpt)

  8. The Crusades • 2nd Crusade: • After 1st Crusade Christians est. crusader kingdoms in the area---surrounded by hostile Muslims • 1144 fall of one of the those kingdoms called for a new crusade • Saint Bernard of Clairvaux called to fight the Muslims again—epic failure • 1187 a Muslim warrior Saladin had retaken Jerusalem for the Muslims

  9. The Crusades • The 3rd Crusade: • Christians led by three powerful monarchs • Phillip II (France); Fredrick I (Germany); Richard the Lion-Hearted (England) • Richard only one to reach the Holy Land • After many battles ending in a stalemate the two called a truce • Saladin promised that unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the city’s holy places

  10. The Spanish Crusade • Reconquista: • Spanish effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain • 1492 Spanish monarchs push the last of the Muslims out of Spain • Spanish Inquisition: (late 1400s) • Effort to unify Spain under Christianity • All heretics were sought out, tortured and killed \ • What is a heretic???

  11. Effects of the Crusades • Crusades are an example of the churches power in the Middle Ages • Convinced thousands of men to leave their home and travel to far away lands • Europe expanded trade with Asia, helped both Christians and Muslims • The power of kings rose greatly after the Crusades • Muslims are left with legacy of hatred toward Christians

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