Land

1. According a few people, the life lines determine the life of a person. You may differ. In actuality, the economic progress of the nation depends heavily on Transport and Communication.

2. Means of Transport Land Water Air Roadways International Inland Domestic Railways Overseas Public Pipelines Private

3. Instructions to use the next slides • Click on the buttons (Roadways, Railways or Pipelines) to go to appropriate slides. • Wherever “next” or “back” appear as the last word animation, please click on them to land on the appropriate slide. • Instructions are provided wherever necessary. Please follow them.

4. Click here to learn Roadways Click here to learn Pipelines Land Roadways Railways Pipelines Click here to learn Railways

5. Construction cost is less Importance of Or its advantage over Roadways 2) It can traverse dissected and undulating topography Railways 3) It can negotiate higher gradients of slopes

6. 4) Ideal to transport few people and smaller amount of goods Importance of Or its advantage over Roadways 5) Provides door to door service Railways 6) They are feeders to other means of transportation

7. Click on the buttons below to learn them. Click on MAP to view the map Roadways • Connects Delhi – Kolkata – Chennai – Mumbai by Six Lane Highways. • North – South Corridor connecting Srinagar and Kanyakumari and East – West Corridor connecting Porbandar and Silchar are parts of this project. • Main objective is to reduce time and distance between major cities. • Constructed and maintained by NHAI Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Map Border Roads

8. They link extreme parts of the country • Laid and maintained by the CPWD • The Sher Shah Suri Mart is the NH No.1 • It connects Delhi and Amritsar Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Map Border Roads

9. They link State Capital with District Head Quarters. • They are laid and maintained by the State Public Works Dept. Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Border Roads

10. They connect District Head Quarters with other places of the Dist. • Laid and maintained by the Zilla Panchayat/Parishad. Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Border Roads

11. They connect rural areas and villages with towns. • Under Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana, every village is being connected to a major town with pucca roads. Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Border Roads

12. Setup in 1960, the Border Roads Organisation lays and maintains roads along Indian borders. • It provides strategic importance. • Provides access to remote areas of North and N-E states. • Helps in economic development in those areas. Golden Quadrilateral National Highways State Highways District Roads Other Roads Border Roads

13. Road Density • Means length of roads per 100 Sq. Km area • It is 10 km in Jammu and Kashmir • It is 375 km in Kerala • The national average is 75 km

14. Problems of the roadways • Road network in inadequate in relation to volume of traffic and passengers • Half of the roads is unsurfaced • The NHs are inadequate • Roads are congested • Most bridges and culverts are old and narrow Next

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17. The Golden Quadrilateral and PradhanMantriGrameenSadak Yojana are his dream projects Back to Land Transport

18. CLICK HERE FOR LAND TRANSPORTATION IN DETAIL

19. Some Data Introduced by British Govt. in 1853 - 34 km. between Mumbai to Thane Railway Network in India (As on March 31,2004) 1.Route Length : 63,221 km • 2.Railway Station :7,031 • 3. Railway Engines :7,817 • 4. Coaches :36,510 • 5. Wagons :2,28,170 • 6. Running Track :1,07,969 km. • 7. Electrified Track :17,500 km. • 8. Zones :16

20. Importance • Principle mode of transportation. • Provides transportation for business, pilgrimage, sightseeing, transportation of goods. • Has been a great integrating force for more than 150 years.

21. Difficulties • Though the northern plain with dense population ensured dense network of railways, the rivers pose a few problems. • The dissected land of the peninsular plateau • The Hilly regions and difficult terrain of the Himalayas. • The Konkan Railway is the greatest achievement but frequent landslides pose problem. The tracks sink in this region of heavy rainfall.

22. Problems • Ticketless travel • Thefts and damage to railway property • Unnecessary stopping of trains by pulling chains. Back to Land Transport

23. Earlier used to transport only water • Now • Crude oil • Petroleum products • Natural Gas • Solids when converted to slurry

24. Far inland refineries can be set up only because of this mode of transportation. • Eg. Mathura, Barauni, Panipat and Gas based industries.

25. Advantages • Though initial cost is high, subsequent running cost is minimal. • It rules out transshipment delays and losses.

26. Networks of Pipelines • From Assam (via) Guwahati, Barauni Allahabad to Kanpur • It has branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.