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Energy Alternatives Oil Peak Gary Flomenhoft uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE06/

Energy Alternatives Oil Peak Gary Flomenhoft http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE06/. The “OIL PEAK”. Source: Smil (1991). Composition of U.S. Energy Use. 100. 75. coal. wood. Percent of total energy use. oil. 50. gas. 25. animal. feed. electricity. 0. 1800. 1825. 1850. 1875.

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Energy Alternatives Oil Peak Gary Flomenhoft uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE06/

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  1. Energy Alternatives Oil Peak Gary Flomenhoft http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE06/

  2. The “OIL PEAK”

  3. Source: Smil (1991)

  4. Composition of U.S. Energy Use 100 75 coal wood Percent of total energy use oil 50 gas 25 animal feed electricity 0 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  5. Energy Rate of Return

  6. Work Done in the U.S. Economy, 1850-1970 Labor Fuel Domesticated Animals

  7. The Epoch of Fossil Fuel Exploitation (after Hubbert, 1969) 300 200 Trillion kwh per year 100 +5 +1 +2 +3 -1 +4 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 Mayan Steam culture Stonehenge Built Parthenon Engine completed Pyramids Iron in constructed Black Middle Death East Inquisition Magellan's Circumnavigation

  8. Hubbert Oil Cycle

  9. US Oil Extraction

  10. US Oil Extraction

  11. Results- Various Countries Algeria (EUR=26.09 BBO) Norway (EUR=35.2 BBO) Mexico (EUR=65.0 BBO) Romania (EUR=7.3 BBO)

  12. World Oil Extraction

  13. World Oil Extraction

  14. World Oil Extraction

  15. World Oil Extraction

  16. Various National Patterns USA – E.g.. of a net consumer Venezuela – E.g. of a net producer High reserves (~ 3000 BBO) and low economic growth scenario

  17. Various National Patterns Mexico– E.g.. of a country that switches over from net producer to net consumer in the future. U.A.E. – E.g. of a swing producer. High reserves (~ 3000 BBO) and low economic growth scenario

  18. Forecasting Oil Production U = ~ 3000 (mean estimate of the USGS 2000). Peak Production = 2037 Source : US DOE (EIA), website.

  19. World Oil Extraction

  20. World Oil Extraction

  21. World Oil Consumption

  22. World Oil Flows

  23. Two Views • Julian Simon view: technological developments and human ingenuity will yield more resources • “Drowning in oil” The Economist, March 6th-12th 1999, pp. 23-25 • Colin Campbell, et al. use Hubbert curves to predict the end of oil • “The End of Cheap Oil” Scientific American, March 1998, pp. 78-83 (Campbell and Laherrere) S. Gürcan Gülen, Ph.D.

  24. Real Price of Oil since 1869

  25. Real Price of Oil since 1869

  26. Oil Reserve/Production ratio

  27. Oil Reserves

  28. “Proven” oil reserves

  29. Natural Gas Reserves

  30. Natural Gas Reserves

  31. Coal Reserves

  32. Gas Hog Tax Credit Hummer H1 Sticker price $106,185 Current law Equipment deduction $25,000 Total tax deduction* $60,722 Bush economic plan Equipment deduction $75,000 Total tax deduction* $88,722 * Includes bonus tax write-off enacted by Congress in March 2002 and a deduction for normal depreciation. Sources: Detroit News research, IRS, Taxpayers for Common Sense

  33. Source: EPA

  34. Cars per Thousand People Source: JustAuto.com “Today there are 670 million vehicles in the world. By 2050 that number is expected to increase to 4.5 billion or maybe more.” Thomas Gross, US DOE

  35. China Energy use 1997

  36. Belize Primary Energy

  37. Belize Electricity

  38. Belize Electricity

  39. American success Great natural resourcesEnergy subsidies: slaves then fossil fuelsGlobal trade

  40. Other Extinct cultures Rapa Nui- (Easter Island) Mangaia Mangereva Pitcairn Henderson Exception: Tikopia

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