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Origins and Development of Congress

Origins and Development of Congress. 17.251/252 Fall 2004. C. r. i. t. i. c. a. l. p. e. r. i. o. d. s. 1. 8. 1. 2. -. 2. 0. 1. 8. 6. 0. -. 6. 5. 1. 8. 9. 6. -. 1. 9. 1. 2. 1. 9. 6. 4. -. 1. 9. 6. 8. 1. 8. 0. 0. 1. 8. 5. 0. 1. 9. 0. 0.

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Origins and Development of Congress

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  1. Origins and Development of Congress 17.251/252 Fall 2004

  2. C r i t i c a l p e r i o d s 1 8 1 2 - 2 0 1 8 6 0 - 6 5 1 8 9 6 - 1 9 1 2 1 9 6 4 - 1 9 6 8 1 8 0 0 1 8 5 0 1 9 0 0 1 9 5 0 2 0 04 E x p e r i m e n t a l D e m o c r i t i z i n g C i v i l W a r T e x t b o o k P o s t - R e f o r m C o n g r e s s i o n a l s y s t e m s Congressional Historical Eras and Electoral Discontinuities

  3. 1789-1812(Experimental system)

  4. 1812-20(Transition from Experimental to Antebellum systems) • -Electorate expands • -Federalists discredited • -Slavery now an issue • -Napoleanic Wars end

  5. 1820-60(Antebellum system)

  6. Balloting for Speaker

  7. Balloting for Clerk

  8. Stylized House Stylized Senate S S S S WH()  Slavery N N N N N N N Gov’t Activism Gov’t Activism The Effect of the Balance Rule WS()  Slavery

  9. 1860-1865(Transition from Antebellum to Civil War System • South excluded from national elections • Party support highly regionalized

  10. 1865-1896(Civil War System)

  11. Ideological divisions 80th Cong. (1943-45) 52nd Cong. (1891-1893)

  12. 1896-1912(Transition from Civil War to Textbook systems) • Economic dislocations create Progressive/Populist movements

  13. A Word about Senate Elections • State legislative elections often brought about chaotic balloting • Stories of corruption in Senate elections led to Progressive calls for reform • 17th amendment: popular election of senators (1914) • Still parties become more prominent

  14. % joint ballot elections for Senate

  15. Effective number of Senate candidates in states

  16. 1912-1968(Textbook system)

  17. Rise of careerism

  18. 1968-1974(Transition from Textbook to Post-Reform system • Anti-war sentiment divorces supporters of strong defense from Dems. • Civil Rights movement divorces southern Whites from Dems, but reinforces Black affiliation with Dems.

  19. 1974-now(Post-Reform System

  20. Loss of regionalism in parties 80th Congress 106th Congress

  21. Ideological separation of parties

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