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Nervous System

Nervous System. A system that controls all the activities of the body. The nervous system is made of:. The brain. The spinal cord. The nerves. The nervous system also allows you to react to a stimulus. Stimulus. A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes reactions.

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System A system that controls all the activities of the body. The nervous system is made of: The brain The spinal cord The nerves

  2. The nervous system also allows you to react to a stimulus. Stimulus A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes reactions. Example: A hot stove Or… tripping over a rock

  3. Nerve Impulse Messages carried throughout the body by nerves.

  4. Your reactions are automatic. Automatic Automatic means that you do not have to think about your reactions. Example: If a bug flies by your eye, you will blink.

  5. You have a nerve along your whole arm. "Funny Bone" The “funny bone” is the only place on the arm where the nerve is not protected. The “funny bone” is on the elbow.

  6. A.Central Nervous System The Central Nervous System is made of the brain and the spinal cord. The Central Nervous System controls everything in the body.

  7. B. Peripheral Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System is made of the nerves and the sense organs. Nerves Sense organs

  8. A. The Central Nervous System * The Central Nervous System controls all the body’s activities. * The Central Nervous System is made of two main organs. 1. The brain 2. The spinal cord

  9. The Spinal Cord • It is a cylinder of nerve tissues (a finger thick & 45 cm long). • It connects the brain to the sense organs and the different parts of the body. • The spinal cord relays messages to and from the brain. • It controls some important body actions that don’t involve the brain (reflexes).

  10. The Spinal Cord

  11. The Vertebrae (SPINAL COLUMN) * The vertebrae are the many bone The vertebrae are the many bones that protect the nerves in the spinal cord. The vertebrae are the many bones that protect the nerves in the spinal cord. s that protect the nerves in the spinal The vertebrae are the many bones that protect the nerves in the spinal cord.

  12. Reflex • An automatic reaction that happens without thinking about it. • A body action that doesn’t involve the brain because it is controlled by the spinal cord. • A reflex is a protective action. • It happens quickly in less than a second.

  13. The Brain * The brain controls everything in the body. * The brain is made of more than 10 billion nerves! * The brain is divided into three parts and is protected by the skull.

  14. Brain An organ that controls your emotions, your thoughts, and every movement you make.

  15. The Three Parts of the Brain * The Brain has three main parts… 1. The Cerebrum 2. The Cerebellum 3. Medulla Oblongata ( part of the The Brain Stem)

  16. The Cerebrum * The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. • The cerebrum controls your thinking and reasoning. • The cerebrum controls your memory. • The cerebrum controls your speaking. • The cerebrum controls your movement and identifies the information gathered by your sense organs.

  17. The Cerebellum * The cerebellum is below and to the back of the cerebrum. 1. The cerebellum controls your balance. • The cerebellum controls your posture. • The cerebellum controls the voluntary muscles (voluntary actions).

  18. The Medulla Oblongata • The part of the Brain Stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. • The nerves in the brain stem control your involuntary actions---heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

  19. The Brain

  20. B.The Peripheral Nervous System

  21. * The PNS carries messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. • The PNS’ job is to connect the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body. • Nerves outside the CNS– 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

  22. Divisions: • Somatic Nervous System- controls the actions of voluntary muscles like the muscles of the arms, legs, & face. • Autonomic Nervous System- is responsible for the functions of the heart, lungs, glands, blood vessels, and smooth muscles of the digestive system.

  23. Autonomic Nervous System * The outer nervous system controls the body’s activities that you don’t think about. * The outer nervous system controls activities in your small intestine, your breathing, and your heartbeat. controls

  24. The Peripheral Nervous System

  25. * The PNS is made of the nerves and the sense organs. Tongue Eye Ear Skin Nerves Nose

  26. The Nervous System

  27. Parts of the Nerve Cells/ Neurons • Cell Body - center of the neuron which contains the nucleus. It controls the nerve cells. • Dendrites – pick up impulses and carry these to the cell body. • Axon – carries impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, to the muscles or glands.

  28. Parts of the Nerve Cells/ Neurons

  29. How An Impulse Is Transmitted From One Neuron To Another Neuron

  30. Kinds of Neurons • Sensory Neurons- carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS. • Motor Neurons – carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands. • Association/Interneuron Neurons – relay impulses between sensory and motor neurons. - found in the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

  31. How messages travel through the body? • Stimulus received by the receptor cellsconverted to impulse travels through sensory and association neurons relay the message to brain or spinal cord processes information and sends signals to motor neurons carry message to muscle/body part carries out response or reaction

  32. How messages travel through the body?

  33. Sense Organs Sense organs carry messages about the environment to the central nervous system.

  34. Sense Organs The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin are examples of sense organs. The sense organs gather information (light, sound, heat, and pressure) from the environment.

  35. Environment The environment is everything outside the body. The sense organs gather information from outside the body, then send the messages to the brain.

  36. Vision is your ability to see. Vision Vision involves the eye and the brain.

  37. The Eye The eye is one of your sense organs. The eye is made of the iris and the pupil. The eye gathers pictures and sends them to the brain.

  38. The Parts of the Eye The colored part of the eye is the iris. The black part of the eye is the pupil. The pupil becomes larger and smaller as it controls the light coming into the eye. Iris Pupil

  39. When a sound is made, the air around the sound vibrates. Hearing Hearing starts when some of the sound waves go into the ear.

  40. Parts of the Ear There are nine main parts of the ear. 1. Pinna 5. Anvil 2. Ear canal 6. Stirrup 3. Ear drum 7. Cochlea 4. Hammer 8. Eustachian tube 9. Auditory nerve

  41. The pinna is the part of the ear that you can see. The ear canal is the tube between the outside of the ear and the ear drum. The ear drum is in the middle ear. It vibrates when sound waves hit it.

  42. Parts of the Ear The three smallest bones in the body, the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup, are in the middle ear. The hammer gets the vibrations from the eardrum, then sends them to the anvil. The anvil passes the vibrations to the stirrup. The stirrup passes the vibrations to the inner ear.

  43. The Eustachian tube controls the amount of pressure in the ear. The inner ear is made of the cochlea and liquid. The cochlea is in the inner ear. The cochlea looks like a shell. The auditory nerve carries the hearing information to the brain and the brain tells us what we heard.

  44. The Ear and Balance The ear works with the brain to control your balance. All of your movements are controlled by balance and muscles. The liquid in your inner ear is responsible for your balance. The liquid in your ear moves when we move. The liquid movement sends information to the brain to tell it how we are moving.

  45. The sense of touch is located in the skin. Touch The nerves in the skin allow us to feel texture, pressure, heat, cold, and pain. Texture is how something feels.

  46. The nose controls your sense of smell. Smell The nose is able to smell 80 different kinds of smells.

  47. Your sense of taste comes from the taste buds in the tongue. Taste buds are the parts on the tongue that allow us to taste. The four kinds of taste buds are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.

  48. Flavors Tastes and smells work together to make flavors. Flavors are the tastes of food and drinks.

  49. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • Cerebral Palsy – it is caused by a damage to the brain of a newborn baby during birth. Lack of oxygen or injury usually causes the brain damage. The victims may have trouble walking, speaking and using his/her hands.

  50. Infantile Paralysis – also known as poliomyelitis (polio) – a disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord. It starts with fever, headache, sore throat and stomach upset. This may result in paralysis, which is most common in lower limbs.

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