Speech Fundamentals

1. Speech Fundamentals ENC 3254 Speaking & Writing for Engineers

2. Engineers are poor communicators. True or False?

3. Presentations are expensive. Consider whether it is really necessary. Cost in salaries of audience Cost in time for presentation Cost in time to prepare presentation

4. Work can come alive for audience Work C A Presenter can read audience and react B D C ? ! ? Presenter receives instant reaction ! Presentations have several advantages over documents

5. ? ? ? Speaker has limited chance to catch errors audience Audience cannot reread text has one chance to hear Audience cannot look up background material Presentations also have disadvantages

6. What are the most common public speaking challenges? • Anxiety • Lack of preparation time • Not knowing your purpose • Not knowing the audience

7. Communication Apprehension • The Book of Listsranks fear of public speaking as the #1 fear, even ahead of death, disease, and nuclear war. • A 2001 Gallup Poll found that public speaking was second only to a fear of snakes.

8. What are the causes of CA? • Fear of Embarrassment • Fear of Failure • Fear of Rejection

9. Overcoming or Controlling CA • Know your environment • Relax • Breathe • Use extras wisely • Keep your focus on the material • Know your material & practice • Your audience is on your side

10. Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

11. Structure and Speech Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech Visual Aids

13. Who are they? What do they know? Why are they here? What biases do they have? Begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints audience to inform to persuade to inspire to teach formality size time purpose occasion

14. There are 2 messages in any speech: 1. The one you send 2. The one the audience receives

15. Challenge:Audiences can be Poor Listeners • Reactive to trigger words or topics • Listen faster than you can speak • Prefer info similar to their beliefs • Retain very little

16. Goal: Be Compelling • Know Purpose of Speech • Know Audience • Show Value of Message • Build Rapport

17. Types of Speeches • Informative: Conferences, technical updates, new product introductions • Instructive: Training, coaching, orientation • Persuasive: Client presentations, in-house proposals

18. Types of Audiences: Demographics • Technical or Non-technical • Managerial or Staff • Educational Level • Age

19. Types of Audiences: Situational & Psychological • Occasion • Size of Room & Group • Roles & Motives • Culture • Feelings about you or your topic

20. Goal: Present a clear message • Speech Overview/Preview Prepares Audience • Use Connectives/Transitions Signals Topic Change • Review Points Enhances Audience Retention

21. As with documents, the structure of presentations should have clear beginnings, middles, and ends B e g i n n i n g E n d i n g Middle

22. Shows importance Defines work Work = A + B Maps presentation Gives background B C A D Beginnings prepare the audiencefor the work to be presented

23. Speech Organization • Introduction • Attention grabber • thesis/central idea • relation statement • qualifications (if necessary) • preview/forecast

24. The middle presents the workin a logical order pre-combustion methods combustion methods post-combustion methods

25. Speech Organization-Organizational Patterns • Body • Topical • Triad • Chronological • Problem/Cause/Solution • MMS

26. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Step 1--Attention • Step 2-Need • Step 3-Satisfaction • Step 4-Visualization • Step 5-Action

27. pre-combustion methods combustion methods combustion methods post-combustion methods In the middle, make smooth transitions between major points

28. point 5 point 6 point 7 point 8 point 1 point 2 point 3 point 4 point 1 point 7 Summary The ending should summarize main points and place those results in the context of the big picture Big Picture

29. Speech Organization • Conclusion • forewarn audience of ending • summarize your main points • remind audience of desired response • end in an upbeat manner

30. Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

31. AIP Cal-Tech Voice Cal-Tech Movement Stage Presence Delivery is the speaker’s interaction with the audience

32. Goal: Be Captivating & Memorable • Delivery How You Give the Speech • Verbal Techniques Volume, Rate, Emphasis, Vocal Variety, Articulation • Non-verbal Techniques Personal Appearance, Gestures, Eye Contact • Language Enhances Understanding

33. Accent & Emphasis Complement Reinforce Regulate/Control Contradict Substitute Delivery Functions

34. There are several choices speech delivery Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact - difficult for long speeches - room for precision errors - no room for improvising Reading From a Text + ensures precision - does not sound natural - no room for improvising - hinders eye contact Speaking Extemporaneously + insures organization + allows eye contact + allows improvising - some room for error Winging It + sounds natural - has much room for error

35. Delivery Essentials~65% of total message • Eye Contact and Facial Expression • 50% of nonverbal message • Body Movement--body language • hand gestures, walking, podium use • Vocalics or Paralanguage • 30% of nonverbal message • Distracting Mannerisms

36. Engineers can be excellent communicators too! Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

37. “The ability to communicate is everything.” --Lee Iacocca Former CEO, Chrysler Corporation