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The Source of CP Violation and Baryon Asymmetry: A Journey through Cosmic Mysteries and Particle Physics Wonders

Explore the origins of CP violation and baryon asymmetry in the universe, from the Sakharov conditions to recent experimental breakthroughs. Unravel the mysteries of particle physics and cosmic phenomena through the lens of theoretical and experimental perspectives. Delve into the complexities of CP violation and baryogenesis, tracing their threads in the tapestry of the universe. Discover the implications of 3G to 4G advancements in the quest for a deeper understanding of matter-antimatter asymmetry and the fundamental forces at play.

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The Source of CP Violation and Baryon Asymmetry: A Journey through Cosmic Mysteries and Particle Physics Wonders

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  1. Source of CP Violation for the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe the Experimentheorist November 6, 2010, DarkBAU Workshop@ NTHU ⊳

  2. Outline I. Intro Sakharov / Leptogenesis? / the Wonder called SM II. Tracing a Thread in the Tapestry: CPV on Earth III.Soaring to the Heavens: 3G  IV.2007-2010: Rehab V. Conclusion: 4G • the Thread • Nature writing • Providence 4G • Why Not 4G? • Touching more Earth • The Pursuit, and its Dilemma • The “3 + I” Approach — A Research Agenda Know in 3-5(-7) Years

  3. aryon symmetry niverse (1967) CPV & BAU: The Sakharov View • Baryon Number Violation • CP Violation • Deviation from Equilibrium 10-9Matterleft! 14Byr Bang Us Pair Annihilation (  Cosmic Microwave Background ) Equal Matter -Antimatter

  4. I. Intro • Sakharov conditions for BAU • Leptogenesis? • - Seesaw (traditional) based is beautiful, but “Metaphysics” • - Seesaw II, III … less beautiful (more assumptions) • - Neutrino Expt still “In search of CPV”(prerequisites actually) • The Wonder called SM, w/ 3G • ✔Baryon Number Violation !! • ✔CP Violationbut not sufficient • ✔Deviation from Equilibriumbut Phase Transition too weak We have no right that “the theory of our time” would touch so deeply the core to the Universe / Our Existence Can one restore TeV Scale Baryogenesis? What about Source of CP Violation?

  5. II. Tracing a Thread in the Tapestry: CPV on Earth • 1964(/1967)/1973/2001 ⇨2008 Nobel • 1999/2004⇨2008 Nature (disc in III.) • KM and its limitations

  6. CP Violation Observation History 1967 Sakharov Mixing(-dep.) Direct K: 19641999 KTeV/NA32 1980 B: 20012004 2008 (KM 1973) BaBar/Belle

  7. Observation of Direct CPV in B Highlight of 2004 2005 Conf., “4.97s”

  8. ui ► W Jm W– gVij ► dj Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SM 1973 3 Generations Needed Wolfenstein parametrization 3x3 “Rotation” Unitary Need to be Nontrivial for CPV

  9. CPVso far only observed in KM ... • Nontrivial CPV Phase • Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate, • Otherwise  Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish. Jarlskog Invariant (1985)for CPV CPV iff J≠0

  10. Kobayashi’s Nobel slides J seems short by at least 10-10 51

  11. Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV Small, but notToo small in SM is common (unique) area of triangle CPV Phase B.A.U. fromCPV in KM? The Lore. WMAP Too Small in SM Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM) EW Phase Transition Temperature Masses too Small! ~ v.e.v.

  12. III. Soaring to the Heavens: 3G  4G • the Thread • Nature writing • Providence Mind broadened by writing《Nature》

  13. 275M BB New the Thread that Lead ... ACP(B  K+p0 ) Sakai Kp0 : 728 53 ACP(Kp0) = 0.04  0.05  0.02 hint thatACP(K+p- ) ¹ACP(Kp0 ) ? (2.4s) [also seen by BaBar] d p0 Large EW penguin (Z0) ? New Physics ? _ d B- b s K- u u ICHEP 2004, Beijing

  14. My first B (and 4G :) paper WSH, Willey, Soni dimensions < nondecoupling

  15. Nondecoupling Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵Appear in Propagator Nondecoupling: Yukawa CouplingslQAppear in Numerator dynamical Subtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory

  16. d p0 _ d B- b s K- u u ,t’ ,t’ DAKp= AK+p0-AK+p- ~ 15% and LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen. WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05 DAKp 12% vs 15% (data) demonstration (disc in IV.)

  17. Belle 2008 〈Nature〉: Simple Bean Count DA =AK+p0-AK+p-=+0.1640.037 4.4s +0.070.03vs-0.0940.020 b → s CPV Difference Is Large ! Exp. Established Belle + BaBar (+ CDF) And Not Predicted !

  18. “Nature” writing : Explaining CPV to “biologists” You get “out of your mind”.

  19. Order 1 ~ 30 B.A.U. fromCPV in KM? Enough CPV? WMAP Too Small in SM If shift by One Generation in SM4(need 3 generation in KM) Providence WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph] CJP’09 ~ 10+15 Gain Nature would likely use this !? Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !

  20. IV. 2007-2010: 4G Rehab • Why Not 4G? • Touching more Earth • The Pursuit, and its Dilemma • The “3 + I” Approach — a Research Agenda

  21. a traditional show stopper, but … Neutral Lepton N0 hard to access in near future n’s are massive ! ⇨ Another Scale. (except Majorana) CDF/ATLAS

  22. Kribs et al. Chanowitz; Erler and Langacker; … Heavier Higgs !

  23. d p0 _ d B- b s K- u u B → Kp DCPV Difference & TCPV in Bs • AK+p--10% observed 2004; AK+p- not significant, but deviate by +3.8s • Belle Nature 2008: • b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t’ w/ - PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL 2005 - PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL 2007 ⇨ Can in principle generate DAkp Predict sin2FBs = - 0.2 to - 0.7 - 0.5 to - 0.7 Not anticipated! Difference Is Large ! 4.4s by single experiment DAkp  + 16% t’ t’ t’ WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2007

  24. sin2FBs~ -0.5 --0.7 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex] arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex] 3.7s +0.16 -0.14 sin2FBs=-0.64 UTfit arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph] (already in 05) PRL’08 PRL’08 Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen ! Summer ’09 2.1 ~2.8s ± ? Incredible !!!

  25. sin2FBs~ -0.5 --0.7 sin2FBs ~ -0.33 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph] (already in 05) sin2FBs ≡ sinfs≡ -sin2bs Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph] 4G Rehab 4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify Summer ’10 bs seems smaller comment: probably hadronic enhanced DGs

  26. On Boxes and Z Penguins Agenda for All Aspects of Flavor/CPV Nondecoupling GIM, charm,K ∵ Large Yukawa! small ’/, K  pnn (still waiting) heavy top, sin2f1/b Bs Z  bb Z dominance for heavy top AFB 1986  2002 All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th D ! b’,t’ @ (Tevatron/)LHC

  27. b’ → Wt Search Same Sign Dilepton 2.7/fb Comparable bound, clean • Unitarity Bound: Partial Wave Unitarity breaks down starting 500-600 GeV! Chanowitz, Furman and Hinchliffe, 1979 • Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ near/above unitarity bound? Need Study Platform Higgs-Yuk. on Lattice The Pursuit, and its Dilemma t’ → Wq Search • t’/b’ Mass Bounds: Getting heavier Excess at high Mreco and HT Alison Lister @ ICHEP2010 ~ Nambu

  28. The “3 + I” Approach — A Research Agenda 5-yr Approval • Direct Search with CMS • LHC Phenomenology • Lattice Higgs-Yukawa NTU-NCU Team 3 New “Theory Group” @ NTU NTU-NCTU-DESY/Zeuthen Needed by ~ 2013 to Probe & Understand Beyond Unitarity Bound + w/ PSI/ETHZ&DESY/Aachen/Karlsruhe I CERN/Taiwan Center for CMS Pixel Upgrade Phase I Longer Term Hardware ⇒assure physics program

  29. LHC ! • sin2FBs “Confirmation” — Easy for LHCb • b’, t’ Discovery —Straightforward/full terrain Even ifO(1) 10+15 V. Conclusion: Know in 3-5(-7) Years ~ 10+15 Gain 10+13 Enough CPV for B.A.U. Tevatron still to be watched Maybe there is a 4th Generation ! Heaven onEarth?

  30. perturbative • Caveats • “Nambu Pairing” or Condensate (Strong Yukawa !) could enterE(T) • (Multi-)Higgs field likely composite in presence of Strong Yukawa Lattice Higgs-Yukawa What about Strength of Phase Transition? Higgs potential at T  0 regulate transition strength: bosons W, Z • For mH> 72 GeV transition is acrossover • ― rules out BAU in SM. • Typically invoke SUSY: light stop • With SM4, no new bosons  still insufficient Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996 e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000 Fok and Kribs, 2008 Could nonperturbative Yukawa save the day?

  31. AntiParticle CPV i i QM CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase CP Violation Primer Particle

  32. 1964 b  d transitions consistent with SM KM Phase Confirmed by Experiment ~ 2001 Area ≠ 0

  33. The Abyss between CPV in SM3 vs BAU bridged in SM4 by Heaviness of t’and b’ Why wasn’t this clearly pointed out in past 20 years?

  34. d p0 _ d b s B- K- u u Why AK+p --AK+p 0  0a Puzzle ? ? Large C ? Large EWPenguin? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Need NP CPV Phase ∵ T and PEW ≈ same strong phase ? Both C and PEW in NLO-PQCD  NP Z-penguin WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL 2007

  35. Dispair Obligé Unexpected!

  36. PAMELA ! • PAMELA e+ could be due to (near by) Pulsars (so, Astrophysics); see e.g. Hooper, Blasi and Serpico, JCAP01(2009)025 BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP DM PARTICLE SPECULATOR/THEORISTS • B → Kp DCPV Difference could be due to “Enhanced Color-suppressed C” AND THIS SEEMS TO STOP FURTHER THOUGHTS ACROSS ATLANTIC!? N.B. QCDFdid not predict AK+p-; SCETgot wrong sign for DAkp but PQCD did predict (ca. 2001) sign and strength of AK+p-; What Theorists Should Do! (like “Blind Analysis”)

  37. Can determine full 44 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05 WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph] ⇨ CKM4

  38. Sighting Vision ~ Early ’06 • 4th generation? — The jury is out … In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t’ Once and For All ! Find b’, t’, or Rule Out @ LHC It’s a Duty. • Strategy Considerations ( ) • Well shielded training ground— All Tools • ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years • Publish early — Large Cross Section • - If “Limits”, then easy to publish • - If “Signal”, Lucked Out! Well shielded Publish early

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