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CALM

CALM. outline. Overview of the CALM Concept What is CALM? CALM Service Types CALM media CALM originate interfaces Protocol managed interfaces ISO15628 compatible interfaces... CALM networking - based on IPv6 、 MIPv6 CALM management CALM / Application Management Entity (CME)

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CALM

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  1. CALM

  2. outline • Overview of the CALM Concept • What is CALM? • CALM Service Types • CALM media • CALM originate interfaces • Protocol managed interfaces • ISO15628 compatible interfaces... • CALM networking • - based on IPv6、MIPv6 • CALM management • CALM / Application Management Entity (CME) • Network Management Entity (NME) • Interface Management Entity (IME)

  3. The CALM concept • The fundamental principles of the CALM concept is predicated on the principle of making "best" use of the resources available

  4. CALM overview • Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium range (CALM) • CALM is being developed by Working Group 16 of Technical Committee 204 of the ISO • The CALM concept is therefore developed to provide a layered solution that enables continuous or quasi continuous communications • vehicles to vehicles • Vehicles to infrastructure • Infrastructure to infrastructure

  5. The aim of CALM is to provide wide area communications to supportITS applications • GSM/GPRS、 3G、4G 、satellite、microwave、millimeter wave、 infrared、WiMAX and Wi-Fi…

  6. ITS智慧型運輸系統 • (ITS, Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。

  7. Vehicles • which can be located, identified, assessed and controlled using ITS • Road users • who employ ITS, for instance, for navigation, travel information and their monitoring capabilities • Infrastructure • for which ITS can provide monitoring, detection, response, control, road management and administration functions • Communications networks • to enable wireless transactions amongst vehicles and transport users

  8. CALM specifications/standards are not designing a physical piece of equipment • CALM is actually a related set of protocols, procedures and management processes

  9. CALM working groups • CALM have eight sub-working groups ,including 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5 and 16.6 • SWG 16.0 Architecture • SWG 16.1 Media • SWG 16.2 Networking • SWG 16.3 Probe Data • SWG 16.4 Application Management • SWG 16.5 Emergency Communications • SWG 16.6 Non-IP Networking • SWG 16.7 Security and Lawful Intercept

  10. General Structure of CALM

  11. CALM Scope • Three main modes of operation: • Vehicle-Infrastructure • Vehicle-Vehicle • Infrastructure-Infrastructure • Inter-operability and seamless handover between networks and applications. • CALM used IPv6exclusively. (initial specification)

  12. CALM in a multi-platform, multimedia environment

  13. CALM safety service • INFRASTRUCTURE <-> Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services • INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT • Animal Crossing Zone Information - Adaptive Headlight Aiming - Blind Merge Warning • Curve Speed Warning - Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption • Emergency Vehicle Video Replay • External Speed Limitation • GPS Corrections - Highway/Rail Collision Warning - Homeland Security Identification and Management • Incident Mapping and Warning • Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning - Intelligent On-Ramp Metering • Intelligent Traffic Lights • Intersection Collision : Infrastructure-Based Warning • Intersection Collision : Vehicle-Based Warning

  14. ON BOARD EQUIPMENT-to-INFRASTRUCTURE • Automatic Crash Notification • Blind Merge Warning • eCall • Intelligent Traffic Light pre-emption for priority vehicles • Intersection Collision • Probe data • Vehicle-Based Warning • SOS Services

  15. Vehicle< -> Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services • Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning • Blind Merge Warning - Blind Spot Warning - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control • Cooperative Collision Warning • Cooperative Glare Reduction - Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System (Platooning) • Crash Warning - Curve Speed Warning - Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections - Highway Merge Assistant • Highway/Rail Collision Warning - Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning - Instant (Problem) Messaging - Intersection Collision – Vehicle-Based Warning • Lane Change Assistant - Left Turn Assistant - Merge Assistant - Pre-crash Sensing • Post-Crash Warning • Right Turn Assistant • Road Feature Notification - SOS Services • Stop Sign Movement Assistant - Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning - Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature Notification • Vehicle Platooning • Visibility Enhancer - Wrong-Way Driver Warning

  16. CALM Commercial Services • INFRASTRUCTURE - Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services • INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT • Commercial Service Payments • Commercial Vehicle Operations • Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation - GPS Corrections - Just-In-Time Repair Notification • Map Downloads and Updates - Optimal Speed Advisory • Parking Space Identification/Navigation- GPS Corrections - Infotainment • Intelligent On-Ramp Metering (road management) • Intelligent Traffic Lights (road management) • Internet in-vehicle • Instant Messaging • Open Road (no barrier) Tolling • Video Downloads

  17. Vehicle - Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services • Cross Vehicle Messaging • In vehicle Internet - Region Feature Notification

  18. CALMinfrastructure The CALM concept at the highest level of abstraction

  19. The CALM Media

  20. CALM combines complementary media: • For short and medium distances (directed): Infrared, MM-Wave • For short and medium distances: Microwave 5.8 GHz • For long distances:GSM, UMTS

  21. CALM originated interfaces • ISO 21214 CALM InfraRed • ISO 21215 CALM M5 • ISO 21216 CALM Millimeter

  22. CALM originated interfaces • This class of air interface has been specifically designed for CALM • CALM originated interfaces should offer the highest performance interface at any particular frequency

  23. 5Ghz • 5.8 GHz DSRC (dedicated short range communications) • The European Standard has been adopted and is now used in many countries including Australia, several countries in Asia and South America .

  24. Millimeter • Frequency range : 62-63 GHz • High directionality • High data rates • It can also be used in conjunction with radar signals at similar frequencies.

  25. Infra red • Infra red is already used in tolling systems • High data rates and a relatively lightweight, comparatively inexpensive, beacon infrastructure, with relatively high directionality. • The Standard supports current and future ITS applications with data rates from 1Mbit/s to 128Mbit/s

  26. The CALM-IR medium provides virtually “continuous communications” even in the presence of interruptions of the link caused by physical barriers. • Target domains of infrared are car-to-car communication and directed communication to infrastructure facilities such as traffic signals, traffic-signs and information-beacons.

  27. The link setup-time is usually less than one millisecond • important feature in safety-related car-to-car communication • Low-power infrared beacons, in combination with solar panels, also enable also power-line independent roadside installation.

  28. CLAM-IR application (German) • German Truck-Tolling-Project

  29. IR application

  30. CALM IR Applications Curve-Warning Traffic Information Physical Transportation and Exchange of Data via oncoming traffic Hazard-Warning

  31. Communication Zones for Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure communication

  32. Protocol managed interfaces • ISO 21212 Cellular 2G • ISO 21213 Cellular 3G • Mobile Wireless Broadband (MWB) • HC-SDMA、802.16e (WiMAX) and 802.20

  33. Protocol managed interfaces • This class of air interface has not been specifically designed for CALM • They are deigned for generic wireless telecommunications session • These interfaces are adopted as potential CALM interfaces because they have wide area, even ubiquitous, coverage.

  34. Cellular (2G) • The 2G cellular network is ubiquitous around most of the word • Applications tend to relate to non continuous, emergency systems • Examples of such systems are emergency buttons in vehicles that call the emergency services, and are based on 2G+GPS coordinates.

  35. Cellular (3G) • 3G systems offer significantly improved data rates which are capable of carrying many first generation ITS services. However, in respect with more advanced systems, the data-rates will be inadequate. • Although the initial introduction of 3G haslargely been on a connection time basis, it isclear that the cost models are moving to fixedsubscription basis, at least for domestic usage.

  36. Mobile Wireless Broadband (MWB) • wireless broadband will become ubiquitous within urban areas and in areas where wired broadband installation is difficult or not cost effective. • Challenge: travelling vehicle will soon move from one cell to another.  handover • HC-SDMA, 802.16e (WiMAX) and 802.20

  37. Satellite • Satellite communications are unlikely to be a low cost media, but are provided globally, and therefore a useful media for CALM to provide global reach for ITS.

  38. ISO15628 compatible interfaces • ISO 15628 DSRC

  39. Systems compliant to ISO 15628 • ISO15625was developed to provide an application layer for European DSRC at 5.8 GHz. Services

  40. CALMcommunication scenarios

  41. CALM Scenarios

  42. CALM networking • Mobile IPv6 • Allow IPv6 nodes to move from one IP subnet to another. • NEMO(Network MObility) • NEMO is concerned with managing the mobility of a network.

  43. Mobile IPscope 140.123.113.100 140.123.114.100 Get Care-of Address (CoA)

  44. Binding Update Data Transmission Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) Corresponded Node (CN) Foreign Agent (FA) Home Agent (HA) Mobile Node (MN) Home Network Foreign Network

  45. NEMO • Network Mobility Support • Entire network mobile as a unit and attached to the Internet via a Mobile Router (MR) • MR changes its point of attachment • Only MR changes its IP address • Nodes behind MR don't change their own point of attachment • Current address recorded at the HA (dedicated server) • Handled by NEMO WG • NEMO Basic Support: RFC 3963 (Jan.05)

  46. Benefit of network mobility support over host mobility support • The vehicle changes its point of attachment to the Internet • Host Mobility: each node maintains Internet access • Each host must perform Mobile IPv6 • Network Mobility: only the mobile router (MR) maintains Internet access • Standards IPv6 nodes can be located behind the MR: no mobility support

  47. CALM Architecture and SAPs of Network

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