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Identification: classic and DNA. Ivana Samardžić Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. ...of the living and the dead. investigation of any death the living – inability to identify themselves, immigration, inheritance. Morphological characteristics. only by MATCHING the parameters
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Identification:classic and DNA Ivana Samardžić Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
...of the living and the dead • investigation of any death • the living – inability to identify themselves, immigration, inheritance
Morphological characteristics • only by MATCHING the parameters • specific feature possesed by the individual • height, weight and general physique • hair color and length, moustache, skin pigmentation, eye color • clothing, jewellery, ornaments • facial appearance, age
Fingerprints • position of minute defects on the ridges • no less than 16 points of similarity • chances for identical fingerprint: 1:64 billion
Identity from teeth • identification of the dead, bite marks, estimation of age • commonly comparison of antemortem dental chartings with the direct examination of the teeth • mass disasters • no previous records – age, sex and ethnic origin
Identification of the origin of tissue or samples • blood, semen, saliva, stains on bodies, weapons, clothing • matching remains • resolution of paternity, maternity and inheritance disputes
The individuality of cells • blood grups and Rh factor – possibility to exclude 93% of non-matching samples • replaced with DNA analysis of human tissue and fluid
Identification by DNA profiling • nearly 100% in exclusion and in identification • 10% are active genes • 90 % are “silent” – zone of 200 to 14 000 repeats of identical sequences of bases are constant and transmitted from parents – ESSENTIAL for DNA analysis! • “bar code”
risk of contamination • blood, hair with roots; samples of spleen; buccal smears; vaginal, anal and penile swabs • paternity/maternity testing • every bar in the “bar code” must have come from either the father or mother, half from each
Tatoos and body piercing • there has to be comparison • photographs and drawings if visual identification is not possible
Identity of decomposed or skeletalized remains • are the remains actually bones? • are the remains human? • one or more bodies? • what sex are the bones? – pelvis and skull • age, height, race? • can a personal identity be discovered? • YouTube - Crime 360: Human Bone Identification
Facial reconstruction from skulls • measuring the average soft-tissue thickness at many points on the skull and rebuilding this layer with plasticine on unknown skull • computerized reconstruction • individuality of faces? • what about eyes and lips?
