Connective Tissue

1. Connective Tissue A study in diversity

2. Connective Tissue

3. 4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous

4. 4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage

5. 4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage • Bone

6. 4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

7. 4 major classes

8. 4 major classes

9. 4 major classes

10. 4 major classes

11. Function of Connective Tissue • Support

12. Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection

13. Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection • Insulation

14. Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection • Insulation • Transport

15. Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm

16. Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm • Vasculature varies from avascular to vascular

17. Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm • Vasculature varies from avascular to vascular • Makes a nonliving extracellular matrix

18. All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :

19. All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance

20. All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance • Fibers

21. All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance • Fibers • Cells

22. The ground substance and fibers make up the matrix

23. Ground Substance. • This is a featureless substance that is made up of water and proteins , much like raw egg whites in appearance and consistency.

24. The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid

25. The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins

26. The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins • Proteoglycans

27. Interstitial Fluid • This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals

28. Interstitial Fluid • This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals • An average person has about 11 liters of interstitial fluid, providing the cells with nutrients and a means of waste removal.

29. Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding.

30. Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding. • The major classes of cell adhesion molecules are the integrins, cadherins, selectins and the immunoglobulins.

31. Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • These are the glue that holds the cell and tissue together. They become continuous with the basement membrane and the various types of adhesion proteins such as desmosomes.

32. Proteoglycans • Are a complex group of proteins modified with sugar groups that control how viscous the ground substance is.

33. Proteoglycans • Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a tissue.

34. Proteoglycans • Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a tissue. • Examples of these include chondrotin sulfate and hyaluronic acid.

35. What are the function of these components of the matrix? • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins • Proteoglycans

36. The Matrix

37. Fibers • There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix.

38. Fibers • There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix. • These protein fibers intermingle with the proteins of the ground substance.

39. Fibers • These proteins are: • Collagen fibers • Elastic fibers • Reticular fibers

40. Collagen • This is a heavily crossed linked protein and as a result is tough and has a high tensile strength. Grossly collagen appears white.

41. Collagen • It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content.

42. Collagen • It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. • Collagen in tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin.

43. Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band

44. Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band • It is found in the skin and lungs

45. Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band • It is found in the skin and lungs • Elastin tends to deplete as people age, resulting in wrinkled or stretched out skin

46. Old Age

47. Reticular Fibers • Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum)..

48. Reticular Fibers • Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum). • This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver and bone marrow and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.

50. Cell Component • In the tissue framework are “resident cells