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Laura M. Stough, Ph.D. Amy N. Sharp, Ph.D. Center on Disability and Development

Working with Long Term Recovery Groups and Voluntary Organizations: Lessons Learned. Laura M. Stough, Ph.D. Amy N. Sharp, Ph.D. Center on Disability and Development at Texas A&M University. National Headlines.

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Laura M. Stough, Ph.D. Amy N. Sharp, Ph.D. Center on Disability and Development

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  1. Working with Long Term Recovery Groups and Voluntary Organizations: Lessons Learned Laura M. Stough, Ph.D. Amy N. Sharp, Ph.D. Center on Disability and Development at Texas A&M University

  2. National Headlines http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/photos/2006/01/W2/EyesOfTheStorm_XL.jpg; http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/hurricane_rita_eye/images/splash.jpg; http://www.geofffox.com/MT/images/times-picayune-sunday.jpg; http://www.brendanloy.com/blog/images/times-picayune-aug29.jpg; http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/content/news/photos/nppa_2005q3/images/BUPq305x1hm5.jpg

  3. Images of the Aftermath

  4. Images of the Aftermath http://www.gov.state.la.us/assets/images/photogallery/Katrina/8.28.07.jpg; http://www.usace.army.mil/katrina-images/DSC_0006.JPG

  5. Images of the Aftermath Photos from: http://www.nod.org/katrinaphotos/katrina9.jpg

  6. Images of the Aftermath A rescuer carries a young man who is unable to walk to safety.

  7. Deaf section for Hurricane Katrina evacuees at the Houston Astrodome. (Houston, TX., 9/10/2005 --FEMA photo/Andrea Booher)

  8. What do we know about the experiences of people with cognitive disabilities in disaster situations?

  9. Cognitive Disabilities • Psychological issues • Mental retardation • Developmental disabilities • Traumatic brain injury • Mental illness/emotional disturbance • Autism • Pervasive developmental delay • Alzheimer’s

  10. Research on Cognitive Disabilities • Very few evidence-based studies on disaster and disability • Even less research on cognitive disabilities • Research on cognitive disabilities usually conducted by clinical psychologists or psychiatrists • Theoretical approach most often used is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  11. Research on Veterans • Murdoch, M., Van Ryn, M., Hodges, J., & Cowper, D. (2005). Mitigating effect of department of veterans affairs disability benefits for post-traumatic stress disorder on low income. Military Medicine, 170(2), 137-140. • Lopes Cardozo, B., Bilukha, O. O., Gotway Crawford, C. A., Shaikh, I., Wolfe, M. I., & Gerber, M. L. et al. (2004). Mental health, social functioning, and disability in postwar Afghanistan. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(5), 575-584. • Ismail, K., Kent, K., Brugha, T. S., Hotopf, M., Hull, L., & Seed, P. et al. (2002). The mental health of UK gulf war veterans: Phase 2 of a two phase cohort study. British Medical Journal, 325(7364), 576-579.

  12. PTSD and Individuals with Acquired Disabilities • Mona, L. R., Cameron, R. P., Lesondak, L. M., & Norris, F. H. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology in men and women with spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 6(1), 76-86. • Martz, E., & Cook, D. W. (2001). Physical impairments as risk factors for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44(4), 217-221.

  13. Abuse of Children with Disability • Westcott, H. (1991). The abuse of disabled children: A review of the literature. Child: Care, Health and Development, 17(4), 243-258. • Sullivan, P. M., Jones, D., Garfinkel, L., & Sobsey, D. (1993). Sexual abuse therapy for special children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2(2), 117-133.

  14. Research on Pre-existing Psychiatric Disabilities • Silove, D. M. (2000). The rights of the severely mentally ill in post-conflict societies. Lancet, 355(9214), 1548-1549. • Pandya, A. A., & Weiden, P. J. (2001). Trauma and disaster in psychiatrically vulnerable populations. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7(6), 426-431. • Pandiani, J. A., & Banks, S. M. (2002). Terrorism and people with mental illness [letter]. Psychiatric Services, 53(11), 1475.

  15. Cognitive Disabilities and PTSD • Mitchell, A. & Clegg, J. (2005) Is post-traumatic stress disorder a helpful concept for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(7), 552-559. • Doyle, C., & Mitchell, D. (2003). Post-traumatic stress disorder and people with learning disabilities: a literature based discussion. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7(1), 23-33.

  16. Lessons Learned… • Research on various cognitive disabilities is extremely limited • Focuses on trauma following war, abuse, or disaster • Disability can be the result of war, abuse, or disaster • Some work on preexisting mental illnesses and disaster (Carol North)

  17. Evidence-Based Approaches from Natural Hazards Researchers • Social vulnerabilities (e.g. Peacock, Lindell, & Phillips) on groups found to be at greater risk for affect and slower to recover from disaster including: • Families living in poverty • Ethnic minority groups • Female head of household families • Elderly families

  18. Lesson Learned… • Poverty heavily affects both what groups are affected by disaster and the extent to which they are affected

  19. Other Approaches… • Deterioration of social networks and resources (North & Kaniasty) • We can reframe this theory as a loss of formal and informal supports in the disability community • Resurrection of the case management model as a proposed vehicle through which services are coordinated and provided

  20. Lessons learned about what these bodies of research do not tell us… • Pre and post data on the effects of disaster on individuals with disabilities and their families • A psychosocial narrative of experiences of individuals with disabilities during and following disaster • Epidemiology of mortality, survivability, and psychological affects of disaster • Evidence-based data on the supports that are most effective for individuals with disabilities

  21. CDD Partners

  22. Disaster-Related Projects Evaluation design for the National Disability Rights Network as part of the Katrina Aid Today case management consortium Project design for the Texas Interagency Interfaith Disaster Recovery Case Management Project Evaluation design for UMCOR’s Katrina Aid Today mid-point evaluation

  23. Recovery Efforts From top left clockwise: http://www.completessl.com/images/other/katrina2.gif; http://www.disabilityfunders.org/images/logo04-500.gif; http://tvworldwide.com/events/nod/051005/images/press_image.jpg; http://www.democrats.org/files/img/20051003_katrinaRA-btn.jpg; http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/images/imgs-77/lagovkatrina.jpg; http://www.rescare.com/web/main/ResCareReliefSm.gif; http://katrinadisability.info/images/ideas.jpeg; background: http://www.michigan.gov/images/hurricane_135421_7.jpg.

  24. Collaboration with Non Profits and other Organizations • US Peace Corps / Crisis Corps • National VOAD Conference in North Carolina • Central Texas VOAD • Texas Interagency-Interfaith Disaster Response • UMCOR Disaster Response • Katrina Aid Today Case Managers • Working Conference on Emergency Preparedness for Individuals with Disabilities and the Elderly • Protect Texas Volunteers

  25. Lesson learned… Infiltration!

  26. Education and Training • Provide expertise and resources for County Extension Agents • Online training through the Texas Extension Disaster Education Network • Develop modules for use in training of Emergency Managers at Texas A&M’s “Disaster City”, Texas Task Force One • Center for Homeland Security Studies at Texas A&M

  27. Lesson learned… Translation! We must learn the language of the existing emergency management system including its- -organizational structure -positions and their functions -terminology

  28. Long Term Recovery • Led by Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOADs) • Part of the National Emergency Management Plan • Lead agency for a particular disaster is appointed by the local VOAD • Most organizations are faith-based • Organizations have traditions of specialization

  29. Katrina Aid TodayA National Case Management Consortium Implemented by UMCOR and Consortium Partners to Assist Katrina-Displaced Persons KatrinaAidToday.org

  30. Goal • UMCOR, in cooperation with FEMA, formed a Consortium as lead agency • The consortium, Katrina Aid Today, includes 9 members to provide case management • Cost: $66 million • Time: 24 months

  31. Katrina Aid Today-National Case Management ConsortiumSummary Chart for KAT Members by State

  32. Lesson Learned: The primary long term recovery goals are the same for families with and without disabilities… The Journey is Just a Little Different

  33. Photo by Kendall Kessel; April 2006

  34. Photo by Kendall Kessel; April 2006

  35. Project REDD: Research and Education on Disability and Disaster At the Center for Disability and Development at Texas A&M University

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